PRAYERS

The Second Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means took the Chair as Deputy Speaker, pursuant to the Standing Order.

Brooks Newmark: I beg to move, That the House do sit in private.

Question put forthwith, pursuant to Standing Order No. 163 (motion s to sit in private):—
	 The House divided: Ayes 1, Noes 75.

Question accordingly negatived.

Orders of the Day

Sustainable Communities Bill

As amended in the Public Bill Committee, considered.

New Clause 6
	 — 
	Local authorities: transfer of functions

'(1) After considering the information in a local spending report a local authority may, subject to this section, make a recommendation to the Secretary of State for a transfer of functions from one person to another.
	(2) A local authority may not make a recommendation for a transfer of functions pursuant to subsection (1) unless it has consulted—
	(a) the person whose functions it relates to; and
	(b) the person to whom the local authority considers the functions should be transferred.
	(3) Within 6 months of receiving any recommendations the Secretary of State must either adopt and implement (or commence the process of implementation) or reject the recommendation, and in either case shall give reasons for his decision.
	(4) If any functions are transferred pursuant to this section,
	(a) the moneys for the discharge of those functions shall also be transferred, and
	(b) any local authority to which the functions are transferred may determine the policies to deliver the objectives of the function, having regard to the authority's own community strategy.
	(5) At least once in every calendar year the Secretary of State must publish a report listing all decisions taken by him pursuant to this section and containing the reasons for those decisions.'.— [Mr. Hurd.]
	 Brought up, and read the First time.

Nick Hurd: I beg to move, That the clause be read a Second time.

Mr. Deputy Speaker: With this it will be convenient to discuss the following amendments: No. 22, page 4, line 21, clause 4, at end insert—
	'( ) The Secretary of State must make the first arrangements under this section within the period of 18 months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed.'
	No. 23, page 4, line 26, leave out 'commencement of that subsection' and insert
	'day on which this Act is passed'.
	No. 24, page 4, line 27, leave out 'commencement' and insert 'day'.
	No. 25, page 4, line 28, leave out clause 5.

Nick Hurd: I rise to move the new clause, numb with the realisation that it is almost five months to the day since the Bill passed its Second Reading in this Chamber. At times it has seemed a lot longer than that; there were periods when it seemed that the Bill would never leave Committee and that it was the fate of those condemned to serve on it to spend every Wednesday morning of their elected life turning up at Committee Room 10 to be told that they had to wait. I was once asked whether we were waiting for Godot or for Gordo, but the truth is that we were waiting for Government amendments, which were necessary because the version of the Bill that was considered on 19 January was honest but imperfect.
	Amendments and new clauses have finally arrived, and they reflect the fact that we still have a bit of talking to do on Report. That is unsurprising, as the Bill is controversial. It plays a modest part in a wider process of great change in how decisions in the public sector on behalf of the communities we serve will be taken in future.
	In considering new clause 6, it is important to remind Members of the premise of the Bill. In shaping the future of the communities where we live and work, meet our partners and friends and raise our children and grandchildren, we must accept that local people know best. If we want to engage local people in decisions we must give them greater influence and power over them, and as we agreed during our proceedings—the Minister accepts this—power is money.

Philip Davies: I congratulate my hon. Friend on getting his Bill to this stage. In terms of new clause 6, I agree with the thrust of what he says: local people know best and they should have more control over things. However, does he agree that the Bill is only as good as the Secretary of State, and that it is implicit in it that the Secretary of State thinks that local people know best? Does he have confidence in that?

Nick Hurd: I accept the premise of my hon. Friend's intervention. In the end, these matters will be down to the will of the individual Secretary of State. There are always ways and means that they can use: if the Secretary of State of the day is unhappy with the mechanics, processes and principles underlying the Bill, I am sure that clever people will be engaged to throw as many obstacles as possible in the way. However, I sense that there is a cross-party consensus in the House in favour of greater devolution. The test is how far any Government are prepared to go.
	That brings me on to the main point on new clause 6. It is intended to replace clause 5, which is the key clause in the Bill as it is the ultimate test. It is the real test of how far any Government are prepared to go in giving people power, because it is designed to give them much greater influence over how money is spent in their community. As I have said, our sense during our deliberations is that the Government are genuinely committed to devolution; a large body of their legislation travels in that direction. However, we appear to have hit a buffer in terms of the test I have described and what the Government are prepared to accept.
	New clause 6 is supported by the hon. Members for Falmouth and Camborne (Julia Goldsworthy) and for Stroud (Mr. Drew). It is intended to be a compromise, and it is important to set it in context. You do not need me to tell you that five follows four, Mr. Deputy Speaker. Clause 4 is important, and therefore so is what follows it. I like to think of it as a small grenade thrown into the tranquil pool of public spending. There are currently plenty of fish swimming in that pool leading a calm life, but clause 4—an emotive term historically for the Labour party—will stir the waters. If the provisions of the clause are implemented, for the first time every community will be able to see how almost every pound of taxpayers' money is spent in that community; it is currently impossible to trace such money in that way. The example that we used in Committee was of £9 billion of taxpayers' money being invested in Kent and only £2.5 billion—still a huge amount—being under the control of the local authority. That left £7 billion being spent by central Government in a way that is very hard to map.

Bob Neill: My hon. Friend will know, as will the Minister, that the London borough of Bromley has raised this issue on an number of occasions. We have highlighted the difficulty of tracing precisely how much funding all the agencies receive. In relation to formula grant, the headline figures often bear little relation to what is actually available and frequently render meaningless the various indices by which the Government calculate deprivation and so on. I congratulate my hon. Friend on introducing this important proposal for much greater transparency and local planning.

Nick Hurd: I thank my hon. Friend for his constructive intervention. It is helpful for us to understand that this is a real issue in Bromley.
	The Minister fully understands the significance of clause 4, and the opportunity that it provides to place every public sector budget under scrutiny with a much greater degree of transparency than exists today. The question is: how will the public react? They might shrug with a great gesture of collective indifference, but we believe that they will not. Once the spotlight has been shone into every nook and cranny of public expenditure, great curiosity will be aroused and elected representatives will be encouraged to campaign for something different. This will really stir things up.
	The importance of new clause 6—and old clause 5 —is that it has to follow on because it enables a response. We will give people the information and show them the money. This provision provides a mechanism that will allow them to respond and to argue for the reallocation of resources in the light of the information that they have received.

Greg Knight: I hope that my hon. Friend will not mind my making a minor criticism. Why did he not include in subsection (5) a duty on the Secretary of State to report back to the House?

Nick Hurd: The short answer to that question is that we did. We had considerable debate in Committee on the mechanics of accountability. The great driving forces behind the Bill are transparency, accountability and empowering people. There was a debate about the need for the Secretary of State to report back to Parliament, but there was push-back from the Government on that. Perhaps the Minister will comment further on that when he responds today. I would also encourage my right hon. Friend to come back to the Minister on that point.
	The new clause will allow a local authority to come back as a clear first among equals and to say, "We and the communities that we serve know that we have different priorities."

Daniel Rogerson: I congratulate the hon. Gentleman on all the work that he has done on pushing the Bill through, during the many months that we have had to wait for it to return to the House. He is making a crucial point. Does he agree that this is the reason that the Bill has created such an upsurge of support from various organisations across the country? They see it as a significant measure, not just as a means of assessing and discussing the administration of local functions. They see that it could provide the opportunity for change and for new ways of doing things in each local area.

Nick Hurd: I could not agree with the hon. Gentleman more. I am looking at the measures through the prism of my own constituency, as every Member will. We all know that money cannot buy love, but it can save a post office, it can keep Northwood police station open for longer hours, it can hire more youth workers to work with kids and keep them off Joel street on a Friday night, and it can go towards a new youth centre. What we want, and what I believe the Minister wants, is for local communities to engage and to feel that they can influence these decisions.
	I am sure that every Member is as concerned as I am about the growing sense of drift and distance from the political process. People really do not feel that it is worth getting involved. The driving force behind the Bill is that we want to send a powerful signal that it is worth getting involved because there is a decent chance of changing things. We do not underestimate the difficulties involved, but if we can create a mechanism that will allow local communities to influence the way in which taxpayers' money is spent in their area, we hope—it might be a naive hope—that it will transform the level of civic engagement.

Philip Davies: Will my hon. Friend elaborate on this subject, perhaps to whet the appetite of people in my constituency? Will he tell us what transfer of functions he envisages? Will the new clause provide an opportunity for far more to be decided at parish council level, rather than by district or county councils?

Nick Hurd: My hon. Friend has asked for a specific example. If he has the time and inclination, he might like to read the record of our deliberations in Committee, where we went through a working example of a specific case. I do not know how active Business Link is in Shipley, but consideration was given in Committee to the proposition that if a local authority and a local community felt that Business Link was not doing an adequate job and that there was a better way of deploying the money that Business Link was spending to support local businesses in the area, they should feel free to make the case for the function and resources of Business Link to be reallocated. The crucial question was whether the local authority, if that was the body to which the function was reallocated, should be free to implement its own policy, perhaps for supporting small local businesses. It might, for example, decide that it wanted to keep post offices open and reallocate money for that purpose. There would be an active dialogue with Business Link on the issue, and if Business Link did not co-operate, the local authority would have the right under the new clause to go to the Secretary of State and say, "We have a mandate from the community. We believe that this is the right strategy for supporting local businesses in our area, and we want the function and resources to be reallocated to us." I hope that that example helps my hon. Friend.

Philip Hollobone: I congratulate my hon. Friend on steering the Bill so ably through the Committee, on which I had the honour to serve. His latest words will be very encouraging for the constituents of Kettering, where there is even now an example involving Business Link, although sadly this legislation may be too late to make a difference there. The East Midlands Development Agency has seen fit effectively to close the local Kettering business venture trust. Had this legislation been on the books, the local council could have made a powerful case to the Secretary of State for taking over the funding of the operation.

Nick Hurd: I thank my hon. Friend for his intervention, which is helpful in illustrating and reinforcing the potential of the Bill and the new clause. I thank him, too, for the manner in which he has supported the Bill in Committee.

Mark Field: I support what my hon. Friend is saying about encouraging flair and innovation in our local communities. Does he acknowledge, however, that certain concerns are being expressed? Will he comment on the argument that a postcode lottery might be created, given that so much of local government finance comes directly from central Government? Is that not an integral problem in many areas of public policy, but particularly in relation to the Bill? How would my hon. Friend counter the argument that a postcode lottery—which would run counter to the flair and innovation that he supports—might be created?

Nick Hurd: I would counter the postcode lottery argument in two ways. First, please let us not be under the illusion that postcode lotteries do not already exist under the present system. Secondly, if we genuinely believe in localism, we have to tolerate differences in the spirit of innovation and with the full realisation that things might go wrong. Rather than accept mediocre standards across the board, we should have the chance to raise them somewhere, to develop best practice and to provide a mechanism for people to learn from other people. That is how I would respond to the traditional argument against localism, which is increasingly unsustainable.
	I tried to make the point earlier that new clause 6 is a compromise. The original clause 5—the one that we now have is, I think, the third variant on the original—was much more radical. It would have given local authorities the right to recommend the reallocation of money without reference to functions being transferred, and with a strong presumption that the Secretary of State would accept local recommendations.

Philip Davies: Will my hon. Friend give way?

Nick Hurd: I should like to finish my point first.
	New clause 6 would replace clause 5, which was a softened version of the original provision and gave the Secretary of State more leeway while still giving local authorities the right to argue for the reallocation of moneys irrespective of function. The Minister did not oppose the clause in Committee; in fact, in the afternoon sitting of 23 May he said that he did not intend to oppose new clause 3, as it was then. He was true to his word and we were told to expect amendments to the detail, but not to the principle.
	Today, we shall be considering an amendment to remove clause 5 completely and when the Minister explains that proposal, he will—with your indulgence, Mr. Deputy Speaker—steer us towards his amendments to new clause 1. I look forward to his arguments that his proposals are an authentic and satisfactory response to the points we are making and the principles we are trying to establish and make clear in the Bill. In the distinctive spirit of consensus and cross-party support that is so integral to the Bill, we shall try to keep an open mind, but he knows that we were disappointed and have not been persuaded thus far, which is why we tabled the new clause as a compromise. We did so for two reasons, the first of which relates to form and narrative.
	As I hope I have explained, we need a mechanism to follow clause 4. In Committee, there was much talk of the campaign for clear English, led by the right hon. Member for Holborn and St. Pancras (Frank Dobson), who pointed out that much of the legislation that leaves this place is impenetrable to the public. It was put to me that if the ten commandments had been handed to parliamentary counsel, the audience would have scratched their heads, saying, "What do you think he meant by that?" There is some truth in that observation.
	The Minister's new clause 1—if I may refer to it, Mr. Deputy Speaker—has a useful provision about the right to transfer functions, which we have, in effect, copied into new clause 6, but it is in the wrong context—a national plan that is a one-off exercise in terms of the Bill. We see the publishing of local spending reports as a regular process that is subject to review, and certainly not as a one-off exercise. The Minister's proposal is in danger of leaving us with a Bill that lacks coherence.

Alan Beith: The hon. Gentleman made a point about clear English. As we are trying to enable local communities to engage with public authorities on the direction of policy, we need to make changes in all the jargon—not just in legislation but also in reports and accountability statements—if people are not to be prevented by the opaque language used from understanding the very things the Bill is supposed to bring out.

Nick Hurd: I thank the right hon. Gentleman for that helpful intervention, which I wholly endorse. The Bill is about enabling people; part of its driving force is to encourage greater participation so the least we can do is present the measure coherently and intelligently. Officials sometimes say that does not matter as long as we get the necessary powers. I do not agree. A Bill needs to tell a clear story about what it is trying to achieve and how it intends to do it. We should be clear.
	My second point is about substance. If we are to accept—as a compromise—that the new freedom of local authorities should be restricted to arguing for reallocation of functions, we need comfort that what we believe is implicit in the Government's position is made explicit in the Bill: if functions are transferred, money should follow. It makes no sense to transfer functions without resources. I believe that is implicit in the Government's proposals but we want it made explicit. If functions and money are transferred, local authorities should have discretion over policy as long as they have regard to the objectives of their locally agreed community strategies—or sustainable community strategies, as we understand they are to be called. That is important for the reasons given by my right hon. Friend the Member for West Dorset (Mr. Letwin) on 23 May. We do not want it to be necessary for remit to follow function, so that, for example, if a local authority takes over the functions of a Business Link it will not necessarily have to take over the statutory remit of that body. We want local authorities to be free to innovate, as long as they can be seen to be working towards achieving a locally agreed target under the local authority agreement process.
	We want local authorities to have that right not least because it will incentivise greater co-operation. In such circumstances, Business Link would have to work harder to go with the grain of what the community wants, because otherwise it would risk losing resources or function. Fundamentally, such a right gives us a mechanism to shake up the system—to correct failure and encourage innovation when things are getting jaded and complacent. I am sure the Minister agrees, because he is not complacent. I read the Committee proceedings of 23 May carefully and when the Minister was questioned by my right hon. Friend the Member for West Dorset about remit following function, he said:
	"That is not my intention."——[ Official Report, Sustainable Communities Public Bill Committee, 23 May 2007; c. 147.]
	He then enthusiastically gave us examples of best practice and innovation, such as the south Devon youth club that had left a big impression on him when he visited it. When we stated that we wanted a presumption that local authorities should be able to get the Secretary of State's approval to take over spending, he said, "I agree". I am not trying to embarrass him by reminding him of his comments—as an experienced Minister he is beyond that—I am simply trying to explain that the new clause has been tabled in good faith.

Phil Woolas: As ever, I am grateful to the hon. Gentleman for his courtesy. I am not at all embarrassed; indeed I am supportive of the point he makes. It may help the House if I point out that our policy in that regard has to be seen in the context of the architecture we are creating for local area agreements under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill. They are financial agreements as well as policy agreements.

Nick Hurd: I thank the Minister. We are all sensitive to the fact that he and his officials are trying to wrestle with the difficulty of reconciling and marrying the little fish that is the Bill with the whale of legislative reform that he is trying to ride through the waters of local government. There is an honest attempt at integration and I do not underestimate the difficulties of achieving it, not least in terms of timing. I stress, however, that we tabled the clause in good faith because we thought it reflected the Minister's intentions and we wanted to make them explicit.
	When the Minister responds, will he recognise that we need a mechanism to follow clause 4? Is he prepared to put on record the Government's acceptance that resources must follow transfer of functions? Did we understand him correctly in Committee when he appeared to agree that remit should not necessarily follow function—that local authorities should have discretion over policy when function is transferred as long as it is geared towards locally agreed targets? If so, will he explain why he appears to oppose the new clause?
	I hope that the Minister accepts that our discussions have been open, but if we cannot reach agreement, my instinct, shared by co-sponsors of the Bill, is not to push for a vote on the new clause. There is strong support for the Bill inside and outside the House, as the Minister knows, and a desire to see us agree about it, but there will be disappointment if there is a feeling out there that the Government are diluting the measure. I shall listen carefully to the Minister's contribution and hope that we will hear reassurance that what we want made explicit is implicit in the Government's intentions and that there is an appropriate mechanism, or a willingness to find reconciliation and common ground. I have to tell him that we think there is unfinished business; we want to give people real power to influence the spending of taxpayers' money in their communities and, if need be, we shall continue the argument in the other place.

David Drew: I commend the promoter of the Bill. He has waxed lyrical and I have no reason to take up much of the House's time. I have attached my name to the new clause and I know that the spirit behind it is shared by the hon. Member for Falmouth and Camborne (Julia Goldsworthy).
	As the Bill's promoter rightly said, we have taken an awful lot of time over the Bill. I think it is fair to say that, in recent weeks, I have seen more of him and the hon. Member for Falmouth and Camborne than I have of my family. I have also seen a lot of the hon. Member for West Ham (Lyn Brown) and the Minister, and it is good to see Ron Bailey in his Box. Perhaps some of us will want to keep him in his Box.

Mr. Deputy Speaker: Order. The hon. Gentleman is an experienced Member of the House and knows that we do not refer in that way to people sitting outside the Chamber.

David Drew: I shall pay careful attention to your advice, Mr. Deputy Speaker.

Oliver Letwin: I am sure that the hon. Gentleman would not wish to mislead the House. It is quite impossible to imagine Ron Bailey in any kind of box.

Mr. Deputy Speaker: Order. That is not a very helpful intervention. I suggest that the hon. Member for Stroud (Mr. Drew) moves gently on.

David Drew: I shall move speedily on.
	This is an important new clause and it is clear that it will not be pressed to a vote. The spirit behind it is well intended and I hope that the Minister will clearly spell out how the Government intend to listen to what has been said in Committee and today. There must be a mechanism, because functionality without the resources to back it up involves a somewhat meaningless gesture. The Government have made it clear that the Bill must be been seen in parallel with the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill, which I hope will be enacted shortly. There is talk about how the mechanism will work in the local area agreements, which I hope we will now see as local area and spending agreements, because the issue is all about money and how it will make a difference. Will the Minister therefore spell out how the mechanism will operate in practice?
	We have compromised and we have been willing to compromise. This Bill has been one of compromise and consensus and everyone says that that is a terribly bad thing because it means that we get bad legislation that is all mushy and means warm words to everyone. However, I think that we will come out with a good Bill and this issue is at its kernel. There is healthy disagreement on a philosophical point about the degree to which we can genuinely devolve resource allocation to a local level and persuade Government that what local areas want to do is appropriate and right. If that cannot be done under this Bill, it would be good to know how it can be made to happen; otherwise, what we will have is not a poisoned chalice, but there will be a lost opportunity for local areas. When they look to carry out their functions in all sorts of promising ways, the money will not be there.
	I hope that the Minister is listening to what we are saying. We are trying to work through some difficult points, but doing so on the basis of unanimity. I hope that we will genuinely learn how the mechanism can be made to operate. Local communities must understand that and, as the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd) explained, the point must be made explicit; otherwise local communities may use the mechanism in a way that some of us do not want them to. I hope that the Minister has heard that point, and he should have heard it because it was made on several occasions in Committee. I know that there is a way forward and I hope that he will explain what it is.
	I make no apology for seeking a compromise even if we reach a compromise on a compromise, given that we will not press the new clause to a vote. The spirit of what we have said is important, so I shall now sit down and listen to what the Minister has to say.

Julia Goldsworthy: I do not intend to jeopardise the Bill's progress by speaking over-enthusiastically to try to ensure that local communities can participate in their own local policy making. I am pleased that the Bill has returned to the Floor of the House after a rather long and winding journey, with plenty of fits and starts, to get us to where we are today.
	New clause 6 and whether we need clause 5 have been at the heart of the most heated discussions that we have had on the Bill. As the hon. Member for Stroud (Mr. Drew) said, the danger of consensus is that we end up with mush and warm words. What I want to be protected is a real sense of narrative in the Bill. It is good news that the Minister has accepted clause 4 and that we will have clear reports on public spending at local level. However, something must flow from that; if nothing does, all we will do is raise expectations at a local level but fail to deliver any action. To provide a narrative and to meet the public's expectations of what the Bill can deliver, we need a mechanism to flow from clause 4.
	After everything that the Minister said in Committee, we are disappointed that one of the amendments to the Bill will delete clause 5 without any replacement. I support the new clause tabled by the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd), because we are arguing that there should be a narrative. The new clause is our suggested compromise. As I say, we do not want to jeopardise the Bill, but there must be mechanisms flowing from clause 4, and we still do not see them.
	It may not be possible to resolve the problems today but, as the hon. Members for Ruislip-Northwood and for Stroud have said, we want to be sure that there is a way forward. If there is not, all that we will achieve is raised expectations. When the public see the public money that is being spent in their local area, they will push at an open door and say, "Hang on a minute. If x is being spent in this area and we don't agree with it, why don't we have a say on how it is spent?" I imagine that such pressure will be exerted, so I hope that the Minister will anticipate the problem and deal with it before it arises locally.

Phil Woolas: Let me try to reassure the hon. Lady about what she has described as the narrative and about the consequential actions. I strongly agree with her point about raised expectations, but may I put another point into the pot? She says that she is scared of mushy compromise, and we are all scared of that. However, she is also a proponent of the view that what happens in Cornwall is different from what happens in, say, West Dorset. I do not want mushy compromise to take away the important point the Bill's promoter made: if one is a localist, one accepts differences.

Julia Goldsworthy: I absolutely agree with the Minister. We need to celebrate diversity. Business Link is a good example of that. My constituency, and Cornwall more widely, have more small businesses at micro level per head of population than anywhere else in the country. Business Link provides services across Devon and Cornwall, and even in that small area there will be a real need for a diversity of solutions to meet diverse problems.
	The Minister is right. We need to celebrate diversity by finding a mechanism that allows diversity to be captured. At the moment, we have a snapshot of how central decisions have an impact on funding at local level, but no mechanism to give us a sense of what will flow from that and how local communities will be able to take real decisions. Function follows power, and that is followed by money. At the moment, that chain is broken.

Phil Woolas: This is an important point. The power that will be unleashed by the local spending plans in what is now clause 4 and the ability of local areas to set the 35 targets that are expressed in the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill will be different in different areas. There is support across the parties for putting those two things together, as that would create a powerful and, I expect, helpful tool.

Julia Goldsworthy: Again, the Minister is right. It is important that there is symmetry between this Bill and the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill and that local area agreements offer a way of discussing such issues. We debated how to break the impasse in Committee. There is a danger that if agreement cannot be reached locally, progress cannot be made.
	I hope that the Minister will be able to reassure us that he recognises the importance of something flowing from clause 4 for reasons of narrative and function. Although the Government have not put forward any options on that today, I hope that they are committed to ensuring that changes are made that will make sure that the important narrative of the Bill is not lost.

Oliver Letwin: I do not think that anyone in the Chamber intends to press new clause 6 to a Division. However, what we say about it will be important, as there will be further discussion in the other place. In addition, as the Bill proceeds through the other place, as I hope it will, there will be wider public discussion.
	It is important that we tease out the difference of substance that my hon. Friend the Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd) ably began to expose. Almost the only difference, although it is crucial, between new clause 6, which my hon. Friend tabled—it is supported by the hon. Member for Stroud (Mr. Drew) and, morally at least, by the hon. Member for Falmouth and Camborne (Julia Goldsworthy)—and new clause 1, which was tabled by the Minister, lies in new clause 6(4), especially paragraph (b). New clause 1 will allow, as would new clause 6(2), the function carried out by a public body through expenditure identified in the local report to be sought by the local authority. So far so good. The problem is that new clause 1 does not make it clear both that the money follows the function and, critically, that in the use of the money that follows the function, the local authority to which the function has been transferred should have the ability to achieve the objectives of that function via a different method from that determined for the public or central authority whose functions have been transferred to the local authority.
	If that sounds like a complicated sentence, let me try to crystallise the argument in a simple example that the Minister and I constructively discussed in Committee. I said:
	"a local authority might feel in a particular case that the general objective of promoting more sustainable small and growing business"—
	the very example cited by the hon. Member for Falmouth and Camborne—
	"would be better achieved by providing people with something completely different",
	such as something completely different from what Business Link, acting on behalf of the Government, was proposing as the means of supporting local business. I went on to say:
	"We want a position whereby if the business link group does not feel that the local authority is proposing the right kind of thing, then so long as the area is not defined as primarily nationally significant the local authority will have the presumption of getting the Secretary of State's approval to take over the spending."
	My remarks on such matters are neither here nor there because the Minister has the power and it is what he says that matters. He said:
	"I agree and would go slightly further. The best way of promoting small business in an area might be to provide a youth club for 19-year-olds... As the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood said, the point is the outcome...If the best way of creating small businesses is to build a youth club so that there is access to young people, which is what I want to achieve, that is desirable."
	I said:
	"I do not know whether this is a parliamentary term...but my response to that is 'bingo!'" ——[ Official Report, Sustainable Communities Public Bill Committee, 23 May 2007; c. 148.]
	That was my response because it seemed then that the Minister accepted that we were not just talking about a power grab, whereby a local authority took over a function and carried on business as usual, albeit in its hands, but that we were actually talking about whether a local authority could decide not to spend the money the way that Business Link spent it, or the way that Business Link's remit determined that it should be spent—to put it in the terms used by my hon. Friend the Member for Ruislip-Northwood—but to spend in another way, which the local authority thought was the best way to promote local business, given the agenda of promoting local sustainable communities.
	The crucial difference between new clauses 1 and 6 is that new clause 6(4)(b) precisely spells out that
	"any local authority to which the functions are transferred may determine the policies to deliver the objectives of the function, having regard to the authority's own community strategy."
	If the Minister is going to tell us that we do not need to spell that out because the transfer of functions allowed by new clause 6(2) or new clause 1(3) will automatically and implicitly not only allow a local authority to determine the policies to deliver the objectives of the function, but give the local authority the money to carry out the function, thus fulfilling the purpose of new clause 6(4)(a), it seems to me there will be ample room to achieve agreement in the other place on drafting that will leave that in no doubt. We do not need to do that today—we can do it later. If the Minister agrees that there will be a shift of not only the function, but the money, and that the local authority will be able to decide how that money should be spent, we can achieve agreement on the drafting anon. If, on the contrary, the Minister actually believes that new clause 1(3) and new clause 6(2) do not automatically imply that—I do not think that they do—we have a point of enormous substance between us, which we shall have to continue to discuss over the summer. If that is the case, I hope that the Minister, or his successor, will eventually change his or her mind, because otherwise the Bill's main purpose cannot be fulfilled.
	If a transfer of function merely allows a local authority to be and to do exactly the same thing as the central authority was being and doing, nothing will be achieved. That will not get us to where we need to be. Given that that is the main point of the Bill, we will have to keep discussing the matter until it is crystallised in another place. The Government will have to decide whether they are for or against the aims of the Bill. What we must not have is a fudge where it looks like we have the Bill, but in fact we have a Bill that does not do the job that it is meant to do. That is why the Minister's comments about new clause 6 will be important.

Lynda Waltho: I understand what the right hon. Gentleman is saying about a body such as Business Link, but perhaps he or other members of the Public Bill Committee will be able to help me with something with which I am struggling. If the community in Stourbridge decided that the local Jobcentre Plus was not fulfilling its function, what safeguards would there be to prevent the local council from charging an employment agency to take over that function? I am worried about the consequences of dismantling of the important mechanisms of state that are in place for the most vulnerable.

Oliver Letwin: The hon. Lady asks a serious and pertinent question that has been at the centre of much of our discussion as the Bill has progressed. She can be reassured—this is not a bone of contention between the Government and the rest of us—by the fact that under any version of the Bill, a local authority will be able to propose that it should spend money differently, but will not have the right to determine that it should do so. The Secretary of State of the Government of the day will be able to consider the proposal. If that Secretary of State thinks that the proposal is zany and that local people should not be able to elect a government that would do such a thing, he or she will be able to say no and that will be the end of the matter. The hon. Lady can relax, because there is no potential for monkeys to distribute peanuts instead of jobs.
	However, let us say that we are talking not about a lunatic proposing nonsense, but about a genuine disagreement of view between the centre, whoever is in government, and local government, no matter what its political composition may be, about how an objective is best met. Let us take the example of employment that hon. Lady mentioned. In our version of the Bill, the local view would generally prevail. However, the Secretary of State could still battle it out and say no, if they were really determined to do so.
	Let me give the hon. Lady an example of where such a process would be useful, not dangerous. In Kent, because of the local area agreement, one of the most productive things that have happened is in the field of employment. Through agreement in the local area agreement framework, the county council has taken the lead in changing some of the ways in which are people got into jobs, so that people have more sustainable jobs for longer, which has saved the Department for Work and Pensions and the Treasury benefit and tax credit expenditure. Under the local area agreement, that can be recycled into yet more efforts to help more people into sustainable jobs. That is clearly a virtuous circle on which she and I would agree.

Phil Woolas: I am grateful for the right hon. Gentleman's comments; they are very helpful. It may reassure my hon. Friend the Member for Stourbridge (Lynda Waltho) to know that, in the Kent example, when the target is met—we can have a debate about how many targets there should be another time—there is a reward, financed through the local area agreement, to give an incentive for achieving outcomes in the jobs market.

Oliver Letwin: That is absolutely right, and it is one of the reasons why that virtuous circle was set in motion in Kent. That is a point of agreement between us. However, as the Minister would accept and as I certainly accept, the consequence of that is that there will be times and places in which the Government of the day, whoever they may be, think that the obvious way to achieve an objective is x, and the people who have been elected locally and are answerable to the local electors think that the way to achieve it is y. We are asking the Government to take the risk, although they will be able to veto the decision if they must, of leaving local people, generally speaking, to make that decision for themselves. The system will not always be perfect and it will not always produce perfect results. It will be a political risk for the locals who take that step and a risk for Government, as they will be letting go of some of their powers, but the point of the Bill is precisely to achieve that.
	If the hon. Member for Stourbridge is asking whether there are safeguards, the answer is yes. If she is asking whether those safeguards will always ensure that the policy machine of the Government of the day determines the outcome, the answer is no. The effect would be that, very often, locals would get a say in how the system was operated, although the Government of the day might or might not thoroughly approve of that.

Lynda Waltho: Following that, what happens if the system goes wrong? That is my concern. Whose fault would it be, who would shoulder the blame, and where would we go from there?

Oliver Letwin: It is interesting that, although we are having a debate that is deeply relevant to new clause 6 —I am grateful to you, Mr. Deputy Speaker, for letting us have it—it also relates to the centrepiece of the Bill, because the question that the hon. Lady asked is the main question raised by the Bill. What happens if things go wrong? The responsibility would be with the local authority that had caused things to go wrong and it would answer to its electorate. If she is saying, "Oh dear. The Government may allow some public money to be given, via tax, to the local authority, which may spend it in ways that fail and it may then be accountable to its population. Oh dear, dear," I would say the following to her. First—I do not say this in a partisan spirit—things frequently go wrong for Governments of all hues. I will not trouble her with the many things that have gone wrong in the past 10 years, and I hope that she will not trouble me with the things that went wrong in the years before that. Governments of all hues get things wrong, as do local authorities. Actually, Governments get things wrong on a bigger scale than local authorities, because Governments cover more ground and have more money, so when things go wrong for Governments, they very often go wrong more comprehensively.
	Secondly, a local authority that goes wrong is pretty directly answerable to its people, in the sense that they can see what it has done locally. Thirdly—and this is the guts of the whole theory and culture of the Bill—until and unless we are willing to say that local people should be able to make their own mistakes, and should be answerable to their local electors when they make those mistakes, we will not ensure that our population is seriously engaged in local democracy and local participation. It is because of the hon. Lady's fears that Governments of various persuasions have for many years fought shy of giving local people real control. As a result, local democracy has become less and less effective and participatory. The Bill seeks to change that, and that is actually in tune with the Government's general objectives. That is the effect that the Minister is trying to achieve, as he has frequently said in debates on his other Bills. We are saying that the single most important thing that we can do is to achieve that effect by giving locals real power of the purse, and that is what the provisions seek to do.
	My last point is that I hope that the Minister will at least make it clear which side of the line he is on. Is he saying that we have misunderstood, and that his new clause 1(3) does the work of the whole of our new clause 6, including subsection (4), in which case we are simply talking about a drafting issue, which we can resolve in another place, or is he saying that our new clause 6(4) is not acceptable to him, because it does more than new clause 1(3)? In that case, we have a point of substance to resolve in another place. It would be really helpful to know which of those situations we will be dealing with in the coming months.

Philip Davies: First, may I formally congratulate my hon. Friend the Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd) on introducing a Bill that gives more power to local people—something that I believe is immensely important? Like my right hon. Friend the Member for West Dorset (Mr. Letwin), I think that new clause 6 goes to the heart of what my hon. Friend the Member for Ruislip-Northwood is seeking to achieve.
	I support my hon. Friend's Bill and his new clause, but I would like to explore in a bit more detail some of the contradictions in the Bill, because as the hon. Member for Stroud (Mr. Drew) has said, it is a compromise, and there has been an attempt to ensure consensus. I am not quite as big a fan of consensus as the hon. Gentleman is. Someone—I am struggling to remember who it was—once said, "My father taught me the value of consensus; there is no value in consensus", and I endorse that quotation wholeheartedly. Most of the biggest disasters in political life have been brought about through all-party consensus, so, unlike the hon. Gentleman, I am a bit more doubtful about its merits.
	The difficulty with the new clause—and with the Bill, to a certain extent—is how much power it gives to local people and local authorities. I support the determination of the leader of my party, my right hon. Friend the Member for Witney (Mr. Cameron), to ensure more localism. I endorse that aim. The one problem with the new clause and the Bill is that we are still investing an awful lot of power in the Secretary of State. I agree with my right hon. Friend the Member for West Dorset that true localism is about giving real power to local people, and perhaps even allowing them to make their own mistakes from time to time, but within a democratic framework, so that if people do not like what the local authority is doing, they can vote it out at the local elections. If people had some real power, there might be higher turnouts at those elections.

Julia Goldsworthy: The problem is that many of the powers that we want to devolve are held by a Minister or the Secretary of State. We cannot simply take those powers off them by revolution; there must be some degree of consent. That is why there is a need to co-operate with the Department—unless the hon. Gentleman is proposing revolution, of course.

Philip Davies: The hon. Lady may have noticed that I am a Conservative and I do not believe in revolution. My hon. Friend the Member for Aldershot (Mr. Howarth) once said that if it is not necessary to change, it is necessary not to change. That is a sentiment that I tend to endorse.
	I accept the point that the hon. Lady makes. The tension in the Bill is that we all want to see local authorities and local people being given a greater say in what goes on locally. That tension is partly illustrated by the points made by the hon. Member for Stourbridge (Lynda Waltho) when she asked about the safeguards if much more power were invested in local authorities. I would not like to see the new clause or the Bill being used by some overbearing local authorities to start empire building and adding to their role.
	I would like to see power devolved from national Government to local government, from local authorities to parish councils, and perhaps also from local authorities to the voluntary sector and the charitable sector. I want to see power going one way—down, with no scope for power to go up. That is the thrust of what my hon. Friend the Member for Ruislip-Northwood is trying to achieve in the Bill and why I welcome it so much. I would not like to see—the point that the hon. Member for Stourbridge was making—councils empire-building and taking on additional functions that could be done better at an even more local level. That was a fair point.

Anne Main: My hon. Friend is pointing out some of the merits of the Bill and perhaps some of the drawbacks. One of its huge merits is that the Bill has opened up a debate on what is sustainable. Part of the problem is that local authorities have had "sustainable" stuck in front of many of the policies delivered to them, have been expected to implement them and have had very little say over how sustainability works locally. I welcome the Bill because it allows local people to have an input into what is going on in their area, instead of being told prescriptively how they must do things.

Philip Davies: I agree. As usual, my hon. Friend is right about that. We would all like local people to have a greater say in what happens in their community.
	One of the topics that I wish to explore through new clause 6 is the potential for local authorities to free themselves of some powers and hand them down to parish councils. I have a number of parish councils in my constituency. I should declare an interest. My wife, Debbie, was recently elected to Baildon parish council when it was newly formed earlier this year. I would not want anyone to think that I was trying to empire-build for my wife. She has enough power at home, without building on her powers in the local community.
	There is great value in local authorities giving up some powers and handing them down to parish councils, which are the bodies most closely linked to the local community. Their members have a vested interest in the sustainability of their local village and their local community, and are usually best placed to know what should be done to further that. I hope my hon. Friend, the promoter of the Bill, will confirm that he would like to see the new clause being used to help parish councils gain more powers from the local authority.

Nick Hurd: My hon. Friend may take some comfort for the thesis of his speech. Clause 3(3) puts in place a mechanism to ensure that the voice of parish councils is heard in the formulation of recommendations by local authorities to the Secretary of State for input into a national action plan for sustainable communities. The thrust of the Bill is that in formulating a response to community breakdown and promoting the development of more sustainable communities, the strategy to counter social problems must be driven from the bottom up. Specific mechanics are in place to ensure that that can start with parish councils.

Philip Davies: I thank my hon. Friend for that helpful and reassuring intervention.
	New clause 6 and the Bill as a whole can help with the worrying lack of involvement locally. Not only turnout for local elections, but the number of people putting their names forward for election to parish councils, for example, have gone down. The Minister will recall that we had a lengthy discussion about the role of the Standards Board in that. If we can give parish councils more decision-making powers over what happens in their village and their local community, more people would want to get involved in parish councils and to join in events in the local community.

Greg Knight: Is not the problem something for which we cannot legislate in the Bill—that councillors on district and county councils are often unwilling to see powers go from the authority on which they serve to the parish council, when they should be standing up to their officers and arguing for the power or function to be devolved?

Philip Davies: My right hon. Friend goes to the heart of the issue. He is right. Local authorities often wish to empire-build, as we saw in the debate on district councils and unitary authorities. Often, the bigger council wants a unitary authority because it would have more power, and it has difficulty handing powers down.
	My next point concerns the role of the Secretary of State. It is always Opposition parties that want Governments to give up power, but when those parties get into government, they often forget that and think it essential that they hold on to those powers because they will use them better than the previous Government. The Bill invests an awful lot of power in the Secretary of State, and contains no guarantee that local authorities will get more power from the Government or that local people will have more say. To a certain extent, it is at the whim of the Secretary of State whether that is allowed to happen. I have great respect for the Minister, and I believe I speak for the whole House when I say that. I have no doubt that he would be prepared to give more powers to local people, but we are still at the whim of any—

Oliver Letwin: I hope my hon. Friend will accept that it is not quite a question of whim. A Secretary of State who is faced with the situation in which local people can see how the money is being spent, and who then resists local plans to spend it better, faces a certain political penalty in the area if he or she rejects the local plan or local proposals. I hope my hon. Friend will recognise, therefore, that there is a mechanic in the Bill that is politically and practically quite powerful.

Philip Davies: My right hon. Friend makes a fair point. I very much hope that that is the way the Bill will work, but there is still a tension. We need a Secretary of State who genuinely believes that local people know best about what happens locally. I flag that up, although I accept the point that my right hon. Friend makes.
	My final point relates to the character of the Bill. I was slightly concerned by what all the previous speakers have said. My hon. Friend the Member for Ruislip-Northwood said that new clause 6 was a compromise and was not as radical as clause 5. The hon. Member for Stroud said that it was a compromise on a compromise, and the hon. Member for Falmouth and Camborne touched on the matter as well. There seemed to be a feeling that the Government were trying to water down—that was the phrase that my hon. Friend used—the effect of the Bill.
	That surprised me, as my understanding in Committee was that the Minister gave assurances on a number of occasions that the Government support the Bill, despite voting against it on Second Reading, and would not attempt to water it down. Will the Minister tell us whether his opposition to new clause 6 or the Government amendments are an attempt, even a minor one, to water down the Bill? Many people in my local community and many hon. Members would be worried if that was the Government's intention. Many representations have been made to me locally about how important the Bill is. Much of the correspondence that I receive relates to things that are important to the local community rather than international or national events. I hope that the Minister will not attempt to water down the Bill, which is important for the future of local government and the maintenance of participation in local government and on parish councils. It is important to make sure that everybody in our local communities feels that they are part of what is being decided in their local areas.

Greg Knight: With new clause 6, we are also debating Government amendment No. 22. Can my hon. Friend think of any reason why the Government would want to delay implementation for 18 months?

Philip Davies: My right hon. Friend is as eagle-eyed as ever. His contributions are always valuable, because he notices things that other hon. Members miss. The honest answer is that I do not know the Government's motivation in tabling that amendment. I have no doubt that the Minister will seek to tell the House exactly why amendments Nos. 22 to 25 are so important. I hope that he will reassure the House that their purpose is not to water down or delay the Bill.
	Like my right hon. Friend the Member for West Dorset, I think that new clause 6 goes to the heart of the debate. It is essential for local democracy, local participation in democracy and people's faith in the political system that we respond to what people want locally, and I therefore support new clause 6. If the Minister is not prepared to support new clause 6, I hope that he will think again and reflect on how important it is to our local communities.

Anne Main: I support the Bill because local people feel impotent and frustrated. Most of us accept that impotence is frustrating, but it concentrates the mind wonderfully at a local level—I look to hon. Members to support that statement.
	Local people say, "What is the point in voting when we have so little say over changes in our community?" They feel that so much has been directed at them from on high, and if we can repatriate that feeling of control over the shaping of local communities, they would be a lot happier because they would be much more engaged. People who are involved in local communities, charities and directing good works turn up regularly to events, but they have so little say. If people turn up and present their view, they feel that it is ignored. That situation cannot continue, which is why I welcome the Bill. New clause 6 would provide some clout at a local level.
	People are heartily sick of being dumped on. In my community, we have problems with road noise. People were promised whisper-quiet tarmac, but four or five years down the line, the promise was dumped and nobody heard anything more about it. If the local council had been able to say, "Here is the money. It will be used for that," repatriating control to a local level would possibly have meant that my constituents in Bricket Wood would not be complaining like mad about the state of the roads and road noise.
	We should consider environmental sustainability and not just tack it on as a word in front of everything that we do. I want to give the Minister an example of the frustration that local people feel. People feel that they have no control over planning at a local level, because alterations to planning law mean that what the Government say must be implemented. I am sure that this example is not an isolated incident and that similar events have occurred in other constituencies. Only three weeks ago, planning permission was granted for a block of 12 flats with one parking space, which is simply for disabled parking, so that block of flats has no parking spaces. That supposedly makes the block sustainable within planning policy statement 6, which states that parking does not have to be provided in a sustainable location. Local people had their say, but they could not effect a change. If they had been given the control to put in extra transport or extra facilities, they might have accepted that the block was sustainable, but they feel that they have been given more clutter on local roads.
	The situation cannot continue. I am very concerned about environmental sustainability. I participated in an Adjournment debate on housing totals for Hertfordshire—the Minister was not present—where I pointed out that sustainable communities should be environmentally sustainable. Local people feel that they have much to contribute and that they have been ignored. The Government have not conducted any environmental capacity studies on the Hertfordshire housing totals that have been imposed on us. Anecdotally, local people feel that they can tell the Government much about the state of the M25 and the roads around our area. They can tell the Government what we need to deliver those housing totals, should we have to deliver them. It is worrying that we are given those things to deliver but have little say about how we will deliver them and the impact on our communities. If the Bill means that we will have some say, some control and a way of shaping our community and not just delivering what the Government want us to deliver, then it will be all to the good.
	Like many hon. Members, I have some concerns about whether there will be failures under the Bill. However, it is the nature of our belief, as Conservatives, that it is no good saying to people, "Yes, you can have choice. Yes, you can shape your place. Yes, you can determine your community. However, if we think that you are doing it wrongly, we will quickly whip those powers off you and tell you what is best." Many of my hon. Friends and I do not subscribe to the nanny state, and I know from my postbag that many of the public do not, too.
	People do not have a political motive when they write to me and say, "We are sick of being dumped on. We are sick of being told what we have to do." The fallout is that people do not vote and do not attend council meetings. I have been a parish councillor and a district councillor. I remember packed parish meetings, where people debated small things happening in a village. Those people cared about that place and had a sense of place and community that meant that they genuinely cared. Such people would not spend money irresponsibly, and if a parish council or district council were to do that, the council would, as other hon. Members have said, be booted out. The best way to establish accountability and to relieve impotence and frustration is for people to go up to their local councillor and say, "This is what I value in my community."

Lynda Waltho: I accept what the hon. Lady has said about parish issues and constituency issues. On employment, however, Government targets and Government policy have meant the virtual eradication of long-term youth unemployment in Stourbridge. The targets in the Jobcentre Plus and new deal policies made that happen in my constituency. I am worried that such Government mechanisms, which are fed by Government policy, would be dismantled, in which case Stourbridge might become an unemployment blackspot.

Anne Main: I accept the hon. Lady's concern, but I have a higher opinion of my local area. We have very low unemployment in St. Albans, but it would be foolish maliciously to break up something that works for the good of the community. Surely this is about our taking the best practices from other areas, examining them and implementing them in our own areas. We should value what we have got that is good, but we should not be told how to do things, which is what we want to move away from.

Lynda Waltho: I am not suggesting that such action would be malicious. I am just going on my constituents' experience of Dudley council. The thought of Dudley council being in charge of anything to do with employment would fill my constituents with horror.

Anne Main: The hon. Lady obviously knows her council better than mine. My council is not Conservative run, and I am talking about councils generally. I believe that most councils, of whatever political hue, genuinely want what is best for their local area. I am not being at all political about this; I have no wish to know about the politics of the hon. Lady's local council.
	I accept that there are some bad councils—we have all experienced them—and some duff councillors. I hate to say it, but we all have duff councillors on our councils, and that is because they have so little power. What would encourage anyone to work in a local council as a councillor—

Greg Knight: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. I am sorry to interrupt my hon. Friend. According to the press today, the National Audit Office is saying that hundreds of thousands of homes and businesses are at risk of flooding due to the fact that the Environment Agency has failed to maintain proper flood defences. At the same time, the Met Office is saying that parts of Yorkshire and the midlands could be at the risk of flooding this very weekend. Have you, Mr. Deputy Speaker, received notice from the Environment Secretary that he intends to come here today to make a statement on this very important matter? Should not he come to the Dispatch Box to tell us what he is going to do about the incompetence of the Environment Agency and what action he is going to take to prevent many hundreds of thousands of people from facing the misery of having their homes flooded?

Mr. Deputy Speaker: I have no knowledge of the matters that the right hon. Gentleman raises, certainly not the most immediate news that he has given to the House. The points that he has made are on the record. They are not a matter for the Chair, but no doubt those on the Treasury Bench will have heard them and will convey them to the appropriate quarter.

Anne Main: We all have councillors of various abilities on our councils. As my hon. Friend the Member for Shipley said, we struggle in some areas to get people to stand as councillors. Many people ask us what is the point of being a councillor when they have so little control over what happens in their local area. The Bill would mean that people with business acumen and all sorts of strengths would start to be more engaged in their local council because they could start really to shape the community in which they live. That would be a good consequence.

Philip Davies: I entirely endorse what my hon. Friend says. Would she go slightly further and say that the other benefit of the new clause and the Bill would be to increase accountability? When my constituents have a complaint that I take up with the local authority, it often says that there is nothing that it can do about the matter because it is prescribed by the Government. When I then write to Ministers, they say that it is nothing to do with them and for the local authority to determine. We often find that there is no local accountability whatsoever. If the powers were clearly handed to a particular local authority or function, there would be increased accountability as well as increased participation.

Anne Main: My hon. Friend makes a valuable point. Councils often recite the argument that they are officer led, not member led. The officers recommend that they should do something, and so, sheep-like, they all go ahead and do it. We hear that particularly often in relation to planning. That is frustrating. We should have member-led councils elected by, responsive to, and directly accountable to the people whom they serve.

Richard Benyon: Does my hon. Friend agree that one of the recent innovations that has been to the advantage of local accountability has been the formation of parish and town plans? That has allowed a wider group of people to get involved in deciding what is wrong in local communities, not just the usual suspects who get involved in parish politics, such as the wife of my hon. Friend the Member for Shipley in a "Vicar of Dibley"-like scenario.  [ Interruption . ] I was not disparaging my hon. Friend's wife at all, but suggesting that sometimes the framework of parish councils means that more people need to get to grips with what are the problems in the community and finding solutions to them.

Anne Main: rose—

Mr. Deputy Speaker: Order. The hon. Lady may of course respond to that intervention in her own way, but I am anxious that we should not develop this argument too far; we are after all discussing new clause 6.

Anne Main: I shall be brief, Mr. Deputy Speaker.
	As somebody who has been involved in two parish plans, I suppose that I must be "Vicar of Dibley" mark 2. My hon. Friend makes a valuable point. When I was involved in parish plans, we asked local people questions and tried to formulate a draw-down mechanism to ensure that funding went to what they wanted. In the case of the Colney Heath parish plan, we knew that there was a dearth of play equipment because we had talked to local people and that is how they wanted the funding to be spent. New clause 6 is a bigger version of that. It would ensure that people were asked what they wanted and prioritise funding to go to those particular projects. Bringing back that deal of control and giving people a say and an input would be all to the good and has my full support.

Philip Hollobone: I support new clause 6. I should like to draw to the Minister's attention a possible early application of the Bill were it to pass into law. In the borough of Kettering, we have a particular problem with parking in the town centre. For many years, that has been the responsibility of the local police. The local police do many wonderful things in catching criminals and bringing them to justice, but it is fair to say that they have not had a terribly strong record on parking enforcement. Indeed, if I tell the Minister that Kettering currently enjoys the services of just one traffic warden who is now largely funded by Kettering borough council, as opposed to the police, perhaps he will realise the extent of our problem. This extends to the whole issue of the decriminalisation of on-street parking enforcement.
	For years, throughout the country, local police forces have been given the responsibility for enforcing on-street car parking. They have not been doing it properly, and local councils have taken up powers to undertake those procedures themselves. However, I am not aware that in Northamptonshire the moneys that the local police were meant to be spending on parking enforcement have in any sense been transferred to the local authorities that have taken on those responsibilities. In Northamptonshire, the county council has now taken responsibility for on-street parking enforcement for most of the district areas in the county—but not, I am happy to say, in Kettering. I serve as a borough councillor in Kettering, and we are going to try to hold our ground. In our view, on-street parking enforcement would best be done by the borough council, which is fully aware of the needs of local people, local sensitivities and the particular issues that arise. Northamptonshire county council has many good qualities, but I am afraid that being aware of the particular local sensitivities of people in Kettering with regard to traffic issues is not one of them.
	Kettering borough council does have responsibility for off-street car parking and raises a considerable amount of local revenue from that. In our view, it would make sense to put on-street parking enforcement together with off-street parking enforcement and run an incredibly efficient town centre parking enforcement operation. That would be to the benefit of residents and shoppers in the town because it would help to create a new vibrancy in the town centre, which is plagued by many different parking difficulties. If the Bill becomes law, there could well be an early application from Kettering borough council, having consulted the local police and the county council, to take over on-street parking enforcement in Kettering borough. If that were the case, as the local MP I would want to draw that to the attention of the Secretary of State and urge him or her to approve that application.
	At the moment, the mechanism whereby Kettering borough council can advance its cause is not clear to me. It is locked in a dispute with the county council that will be difficult to resolve, despite the fact that on many issues, at a local level, there is a lot of good will between the two local authorities. That is best evidenced by the recent discussions locally about the Government's intention to try to bounce the people of Northamptonshire into a unified local authority, which I am pleased to say local councillors at borough, district and county levels, after much debate and discussion, universally agreed to reject in favour of enhanced local co-operation at three levels of local government—the county council, the district and borough councils, and the parish councils.
	I believe that the enhanced local government network initiative in Northamptonshire will be one of the leading lights in the country for the way in which local authorities deliver their services effectively to local people. A good example is the customer service centre at Kettering borough council in the middle of the town. A local resident who goes to the customer service centre is not immediately aware of which local authority runs that centre, which is a joint initiative between the county council, Kettering borough council and other local agencies. That well run centre aims to ensure that the local resident who turns up asking for a local service gets what he or she wants in the quickest possible time. There is no particular pride in ownership—all the local councils agree that that resident should be served as quickly and helpfully as possible.
	I use the opportunity of the debate to flag up to the Minister for Local Government that I hope that he accepts the new clause and that the Bill becomes law. If the Bill does become law, I hope that an early application will come his way from Kettering borough council to try to resolve the local parking problems.

Phil Woolas: I congratulate the sponsors of the Bill and especially the promoter. The hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd) again spoke eloquently about his Bill. He has shown great skill and gone out of his way to be consensual. I shall comment on the hon. Member for the independent republic of Shipley (Philip Davies) shortly. I thank the hon. Member for Falmouth and Camborne (Julia Goldsworthy) and my hon. Friends who served on the Committee.
	The Committee was unusual for the hon. Members who served on it and for me as the Minister who responded on behalf of the Government. I sat on the Front Bench with my fantastically loyal Parliamentary Private Secretary, my hon. Friend the Member for West Ham (Lyn Brown), whom I also thank, and without a member of the Whips Office to look after me and keep me on the straight and narrow. I now welcome the presence of the Whips, who bring certainty and provide gentle reminders of when one is straying beyond Government policy.
	The experience was also unusual for another reason. I appreciate that it is not normal to mention civil servants and I hope that you, Mr. Deputy Speaker, will not mind my paying tribute to them. It is difficult for Government officials, who worked extraordinarily hard for me, my team and the Committee, to work outside Government policy. When dealing with a private Member's Bill, one inevitably has to adapt policy to meet objectives sometimes by the hour during the course of deliberations. There has been no lack of willingness to help the Minister. Officials have gone through the proper procedures of Cabinet Government to get Government clearance and rightly abided by the advice of parliamentary counsel, which is independent. Ministers are obliged to act on the advice of parliamentary counsel. If that were not the case, we would politicise the law and make bad law.
	I am now delighted to report to the House that I have Government clearance and parliamentary counsel advice to support the Bill. It is the Government's policy that it should reach the statute book. I give those assurances not only to hon. Members who served on the Committee, but to my hon. Friend the Member for Hendon (Mr. Dismore), who is not in his place, but who is promoting the next Bill that we will discuss. I wanted to stress to him that it is Government policy to support the measure that we are considering.
	I ask hon. Members not to accept new clause 6 but to adopt new clauses 1 and 2 instead. I can give the right hon. Member for West Dorset (Mr. Letwin) the assurance that he needs and has requested. Our advice is that we can achieve the intention of new clause 6 on function, money and a proper process following the spending report and other matters better through new clauses 1 and 2 than through new clause 6. The problem is not, therefore, one of principle.

Roger Williams: I support the principles of new clause 6, but could the Minister comment on the applicability of the new clause—and, indeed, the whole Bill—to Wales? Although it states that it is an England and Wales measures, a Library research paper on the Committee stage states:
	"The Bill is now intended to apply to English local authority areas only."
	When did the change occurred? Hon. Members who served on the Committee were unaware of that change.

Phil Woolas: Let me revert to that point later so that I can give precise guidance.  [Laughter.] Hon. Members should not get over-confident. I am not dealing with that aspect of the Bill at the moment. There is a serious point that relates to the power-making orders under the new procedures for Wales, not to what is going on in Cardiff, in case the hon. Gentleman is worried. However, I shall shortly spell out the exact process that we wish to follow.
	Let me comment on hon. Members' points before dealing with the substance of new clause 6. If you will give me leeway, Mr. Deputy Speaker, I should also like to mention the objective of new clauses 1 and 2 and amendment No. 25, which would delete clause 5, because, although I appreciate that we are debating new clause 6, there is a direct interrelationship between those amendments. I shall be as strict as I can.
	Let me repeat my praise for the Bill's promoter. When I had been elected for as long as the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood, I did not have the knowledge, gumption or courage to pilot a Bill and engage in the way in which he has done. Indeed, I spent most of my first two years in this place trying to find my locker, which I had been allocated on the first day. Even now, I cannot remember where it is. However, I sincerely congratulate the hon. Gentleman and I believe that he has a distinguished career ahead.
	I hope that my hon. Friends will not report me to the Whips Office, but I also wanted to praise the hon. Member for Shipley, who is a proper Tory and a proper Yorkshireman. I genuinely believed that he would say that the law should be different in Yorkshire. However, I then realised that he was probably more interested in Shipley than in those strange people in places such as—

Philip Davies: Lancashire.

Phil Woolas: I was going to say Keighley, never mind as far away as Lancashire.
	To put the record straight, the Government did not oppose Second Reading.

Philip Davies: indicated assent.

Phil Woolas: I am grateful for the hon. Gentleman's acknowledgment of that. I did not have the collective agreement that we enjoy now, but we did not oppose Second Reading.
	The hon. Gentleman also made a point about parishes. I assure him that not only the Bill but the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill and other measures give more power to parishes. Parishes will be given the right to pass byelaws. At the moment, the Secretary of State, acting on the advice of a Minister, passes byelaws for parishes. That is an example of a power that we do not want. I did not join the Labour party at 16 to determine whether the civic hall in Fleet in Hampshire should have a new front door, yet I have been asked to make that decision. It is wrong; we should devolve those powers.
	Secondly, there is the power of well-being for parish councils. As the hon. Gentleman acknowledges, the size of parish councils can vary significantly. However, when they have the power of well-being, which principal local authorities have, it will significantly increase what they can do locally, because they will be given a statutory right to look after the well-being of their area and make proposals to improve matters. That turns upside down the legislative framework in which they operate. At the moment, they can do only what we tell them, but in future they will be able to do what the heck they want, as long as it is not against the law.

Greg Knight: The Minister is rightly identifying the vital role that parish councils could play in the process. I understand that this country is unique in the European Union in having parish councils. Will the Minister confirm that the Government have not entered into discussions with any of our European partners to abolish parish councils?

Phil Woolas: Yes. I am trying to think of which of my colleagues may have done so.

Tony Cunningham: Don't go there.

Phil Woolas: I hear my hon. Friend telling me not to go there. It must have been confusion between the word "commune" and "communist" that led me to speculate on which of my colleagues might have had those leanings earlier in their lives.
	Over a number of years, Government policy has been to improve the powers of parishes, because quality parish council schemes, village plans and now the new measures are all important. Parishes—not just for rural and semi-rural areas, but wherever they are wanted—are part of our policy. I can give the right hon. Gentleman the assurance that he seeks. In fact, we have a lot to learn from France and its system of communes, but I suspect that the right hon. Gentleman would not want local council leaders to be appointed by the central Government.
	The hon. Member for Shipley, as well as informing us about the parishes in his area, was fearful that, in asking the House not to adopt new clause 6, I would be attempting to water down the provisions. My central purpose this morning, however, is to convince the House by argument and by my policy proposals that, far from watering down the Bill, I am trying to strengthen it. The Bill has an important interrelationship with the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill, and indeed will strengthen it. That is my evidence that, far from watering down the provisions, I am laying down some cement.

Philip Hollobone: On that interesting point, did the Minister give any consideration to including the contents of this Bill within the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill and then using Government time to advance the cause?

Phil Woolas: Yes, but of course the success of the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood in gaining first place in the ballot was not known when the Queen's Speech was compiled. Throughout the process, however, my and the Government's objective has been to use the Bill in a positive and constructive way. Given the widespread support either for the Bill or for the idea behind it, I have wanted to use—use in the best sense, not abuse—the momentum to draw attention to some of our policies.
	Clause 108, which is now clause 139, of the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill is, in my view, one of the most important statutory measures for local government since the second world war. However, nobody other than me had even heard of it before the Local Works campaign put full-page adverts in the papers to draw attention to the significance of clause 108, so there has been a coming together. I must move on now.
	The hon. Member for Shipley also talked about devolution, arguing that political parties argue for it in opposition, but keep power centrally when in government. To be fair, the Government have a reasonable record on devolving powers. This Bill does not apply to Scotland because we have devolved power to Scotland. Some of my colleagues may well think that in the light of recent changes there we should not have done so, but that is devolution—we have to trust the people. Our framework for local government has sometimes been criticised for being over-centralised, but it has improved the position and we are now in a genuine period of devolution. That is not beginning with the legislation before the other place, as other measures have preceded it. We have devolved powers and, as I have said, I believe that English councils should be the next part of the country to which significant powers should be devolved.
	On a lighter note, the hon. Member for Shipley said that he feared that my Secretary of State might act on a whim. Let me assure the hon. Gentleman that my right hon. Friend the Member for Bolton, West (Ruth Kelly) never acts on a whim. She has given me full support in respect of this Bill. Given the processes of decision making in government, it would not have been possible to have acted as quickly without it. The hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood said that he thought that progress on his Bill had been very slow at times and apologised for it, but believe me, in comparison with Government decision making, this has been quick. As to the argument that progress requires a Secretary of State who is genuinely devolutionary, it is important to note that history often reveals different views on different Secretaries of State, but in any event, this Bill locks in the devolutionary powers, which is one of the reasons why we welcome it.
	The hon. Member for St. Albans (Anne Main) was concerned about what many of us are concerned about in the modern world: the involvement of local people and the feelings of frustration over the absence of it. All the evidence is that giving more information, providing greater transparency and facilitating a greater degree of participation are positive developments, but whether or not the public then choose to use that is, in democratic politics, a matter for them. We politicians would like everyone to vote and everyone to turn out at meetings and be as interested in politics as we are, but I am really not sure whether I would like to live in a country where that happened. I want people to have the opportunity to take part; I do not want to compel them. I recognise, of course, the frustration that the hon. Lady described. A little later, I shall point out some of the contradictions in what she said, but may I assure her that I strongly believe that clause 139 of the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill—which provides for a duty to inform, consult and involve people and organisations—will, along with this Bill, help to change the situation.
	The hon. Member for Falmouth and Camborne (Julia Goldsworthy) rightly keeps reminding us about raised expectations. I am sure that the hon. Member for St. Albans would agree that part of the frustration she describes comes from the fact that if people attend a meeting and think that they have taken a decision that subsequently does not materialise—either because it was a false promise, because the power to do it was not available or for disingenuous reasons—they will not turn out to meetings again. We all have to try to change that.

Anne Main: On that very point about the frustration felt when a decision taken does not materialise, I am sure that the Minister will agree that part of the problem comes from the fact that the decision is often moved higher up into government through an appeals system. That is often where the decision is overturned, which is why local people have such a huge sense of frustration. If we could move the power lower down, that is where happiness would lie in my constituency.

Phil Woolas: On the whole, I agree with the hon. Lady, but as a planning Minister I have to act within the law and within the independent advice that I am given from the planning authorities in order to be fair to everyone. I can give the hon. Lady some encouragement in that the changes made to the code of conduct take away some of the fetters on local councillors that prevent them from speaking about planning. The restriction of the activity of local councillors came about more through case law than through planning law. The code of conduct is addressing that point. Some of the issues dealt with in the planning White Paper will also help towards meeting the hon. Lady's point.
	I cannot comment on the hon. Lady's particular example, but I am more than willing to look further into it for her. On the face of it, it seems that it could fall outside the planning guidance, but I should not give any commitments. However, she cannot say on the one hand that we all want an environmentally sustainable future and then say on the other that we want more car parks. We need a policy that recognises that difficulty— [Interruption.] I was going to ask for your help there, Mr. Deputy Speaker, but the hon. Lady has seen sense.
	The issue of road noise and the need for tarmac was also raised. I presume that that is a county matter. It is also a matter of money, and the issue of who pays is relevant. We all know, as elected politicians, that the public want to have their cake and eat it. They want low taxes and improved services, and I understand that—

Justine Greening: rose—

Phil Woolas: Oh, I have opened up a can of worms now.

Justine Greening: The Minister appears to suggest that spending more is the only way to improve services. Anyone who has spent any time in business will know that when things are run better they tend to cost less.

Phil Woolas: I did not mean any slight by saying that I had opened up a can of worms. I have also invited an accountant into the debate. I agree with the hon. Lady. The Gershon policy of recycling money to the front line through efficiency savings proves her point again, if it needed it. If one does things more efficiently, one gets better value for money, achieving both objectives of improved public services and taxes that are as low as possible. A devolutionary policy, in which joining up is done locally—because it cannot be done perfectly from the centre—will give us better value for money.
	I would add a third point, on which I am sure we will all agree, that better information and transparency will also lead to improvement in public services. The research evidence from the Audit Commission and elsewhere backs up that point.
	I do not wish to get into a philosophical debate, much less an accountancy one, but I was trying to make the point that sometimes, as an elected politician, one has to say that money does not grow on trees and that we cannot afford to do everything.
	The hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood and the right hon. Member for West Dorset have asked substantial questions about the Government's attitude towards new clause 6 and new clauses 1 and 2. It may be helpful to the House if I briefly deal with amendments Nos. 22, 23 and 24. The right hon. Member for East Yorkshire (Mr. Knight) asked why we wished to put in the 18 months' limit. My intention is to provide the reassurance that the Committee requested of a set timetable for implementation. That time limit is workable, and it gives the assurance to the Committee and now the House. The purpose of amendment No. 22 is to provide a timetable to ensure that arrangements for the production of local spending reports are made in a timely fashion.

Greg Knight: I am grateful to the Minister for that explanation. In the spirit of the speech that he is making, will he confirm that he will regard 18 months as the latest possible date, rather than the date that he intends to use? In other words, if he can do it more quickly, will he do so?

Phil Woolas: That depends on what happens in 12 days' time —[ Laughter. ] Let us get the legislation through before then. The answer is yes, because we want the arrangements in place before then. That will also ensure that the relevant provisions of both Bills—this Bill and the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill, if it meets the approval of the other place—include a sensible timetable for coming into force, so that we get the best of both worlds. That will also avoid confusion. Local authorities often make the point that different commencement dates cause confusion and can be self-defeating. By taking that date, I can introduce a package of measures from both Bills, and I am grateful for the support of the members of the Committee on that point. Amendments Nos. 23 and 24 are consequential on amendment No. 22.
	I was also asked why provision for accountability to Parliament was not included in new clause 6. The accountability to Parliament and the measures that flow from that are included in new clause 3(3) and I hope that that is to the satisfaction of the members of the Committee. If Parliament is not informed, the accountability does not follow.
	With your permission, Mr. Deputy Speaker, I wish to refer to new clauses 1, 2 and 3. The point has been made about what was described in Committee as the narrative. There must be something that flows from the local spending reports and the other measures. Unfortunately for me, my proposals come in the Bill before new clause 5, but my argument is that coherent legislation is more important than my ability to understand my speaking notes—as the right hon. Member for West Dorset teased me in Committee. I hope that I can convince the House that the narrative is fully in place.
	The Government have proposed measures as a replacement for the existing clause 5, which itself replaced the original clause 5 that we debated on Second Reading. Oppositions often accuse Governments of giving the "not invented here" reason for opposing amendments. New clauses 1 and 2 were invented by the Committee, in that the policy and the sentiment were taken from the Committee, translated by me into instructions to parliamentary counsel and given back to me. Although those new clauses are in my name, I see them as the proposals from the Committee's deliberations. My reason for asking the House to agree those clauses rather than new clause 6 is not, I assure the right hon. Member for West Dorset, because I did not invent it.
	New clauses 1, 2 and 3 will strengthen the core measures in the Bill by encouraging local people to make proposals that go to central Government, about what the Government can do to help them sustain their local community. They will codify and set out that process, so that in the same way that the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill codifies the right of the citizen and the local councillor to have a process by which the council and its partners must respond, this Bill will provide the right of local people, through the local authority, to have a process by which the Government must respond. The role of the selector will assist that enormously. Tasking the Local Government Association with that role will add transparency and order to that process.
	The provisions also require local authorities to consult representatives of local people, including under-represented groups, if they choose to make proposals. I have included that point in the Bill at the request of the Committee to provide reassurance that that is the case. The provisions also introduced what I have described as new consultation plus, which will require the local authority to try to reach agreement with the representatives. Concern was expressed in Committee that what is now clause 139—it was clause 108 of the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill—was not strong enough, so we have tried to strengthen that.
	The provisions also require the Government to appoint a body—in practice, the Local Government Association—to present them with a shortlist of proposals, also with the new consultation plus to require the Government to consult, co-operate and reach agreement with the LGA. That will provide accountability and transparency by requiring the Government to publish their responses to all proposals; to publish an action plan; to lay reports on progress annually before Parliament, which meets the point raised by the right hon. Member for East Yorkshire; and to enable local authorities, for the first time, to request a transfer of function from one body to another if they believe that it will better promote the sustainability of their local community. I will give the reassurances that were asked for regarding the transfer of functions and money, based on the advice and definitions that I have been given.

Oliver Letwin: Before the Minister does that, I hope that he is not under the illusion that new clause 3(3) has the effect that I think he was just describing. It does indeed mandate a report to Parliament, but only on the action plan, not on the transfer of functions and money.

Phil Woolas: I am grateful to the right hon. Gentleman. He is right and that is an important point. Under my measures, the codification of the process that the Bill provides for has the advantage of allowing proposals to come forward that are based not simply on the local spending report—important though that is—but on other considerations, an example being a local organisation that is failing to meet the agreed objectives within its area.
	I did not respond in detail to the hon. Member for Kettering (Mr. Hollobone), but he has given us a very good example of how that process could be used. One of my frustrations is that it is often forgotten that a police authority is of course itself a local authority under law, and is itself accountable to local councillors. Somewhere along the line, some local councillors have forgotten that point, although I am not suggesting that the hon. Gentleman's have. This is not Government policy—yet—but my personal view is that the link between police authorities and the executive leadership of councils needs to be strengthened, partly to meet those points. A very important benefit of the Bill is that if the hon. Gentleman's local police authority were aware, as it will be, that the local council had powers to make such proposals to change function, I suspect that it would come quickly to the table to discuss a way forward. That would be especially true if it was clear through the representations of the Member of Parliament, as it would be in this case, and of the local authority—in the traditional, perhaps informal manner—that the Secretary of State was minded to agree, which, on many such occasions, I imagine they would be. In other words, the very existence of this process, combined with the other measures, will bring better co-operation locally and act as an incentive. However, if the hon. Gentleman drops me a line, I shall certainly try to help him to sort out the parking in Kettering, for example. Of course, we did devolve these powers.

Oliver Letwin: I do not want there to be a lack of clarity on this issue. I hope that the Minister recognises that as far as we are concerned, the question of the report is very much unfinished business. The question whether the Secretary of State has to come to Parliament and list all the decisions on spending where he has said no is very material. It is material because doing so is what would embarrass a Secretary of State who had just given a blanket "no" to everything. Without that, there is no embarrassment factor and the force of new clause 6—or, as the Minister is now saying, new clause 1—would be diminished.

Phil Woolas: The report to Parliament regarding the action plan is provided for. The right hon. Gentleman is raising a question about the report to Parliament on requests for transfer of functions. The answer to that question is yes, and there is the added benefit of parliamentary questions, of course. The right hon. Gentleman looks sceptical, but the embarrassment factor on any Government is a function of the strength of feeling at local level. The stronger the feeling at local level, the greater the embarrassment of the Secretary of State of the day in refusing such requests. There is no attempt in my proposals not to provide for accountability and reporting to Parliament, and I believe that I have covered the issue in my proposals on the reporting of the decision on functions.  [Interruption.] The right hon. Gentleman is shaking his head. If he is not convinced, we perhaps need to debate this issue further, although I am concerned as to how we do that. The other place might want to look at the Bill and to make changes, and we would have to be very careful that such changes were desirable and that the Bill's further progress was not thereby inhibited. So let us be clear this morning about what we are achieving.
	The processes covered by new clause 1 require the Secretary of State to invite local authorities to make proposals that they consider would contribute to promoting the sustainability of local communities. Such proposals could cover, among other things, policy change, changes to the law and changes to funding arrangements. They may also include a request for a transfer of functions from one person to another. If a local authority proposes to make such a request, it should of course consult, and under my proposals it must consult both the person whom the functions relate to and the person whom it considers the functions should be transferred to. Before making any proposal, a local authority must have regard to the matters specified in the schedule. The Secretary of State must issue the first invitation within a period of one year, beginning with the day on which the Bill, once enacted, is passed. That is the length of time that I believe would be required to put the structure into place.

Philip Hollobone: On a point of clarification, subsections (2) and (3) of old clause 5, in the Bill as drafted when it left the Committee, said that principal councils may not make recommendations regarding services of a "wider or national significance". As I understand it, those subsections are now going and are not being included in any of the clauses that the Minister is introducing.

Phil Woolas: I believe that that is correct, and that was certainly my intention. Of course, the problem is similar to the one that we found when we examined how one in practice produces a local spending report. Many financial decisions are local, regional and national, and a similar point applies to the functions, policies and proposals under discussion. I do not imagine that through this process, Kettering council will often be writing to the Secretary of State about foreign policy and other such issues. However, I have to tell the hon. Gentleman that we get lots of such proposals from councils—of all political persuasions. In fact, those on foreign policy normally come from my own party.

Philip Hollobone: I do not anticipate Kettering borough council making any representations about foreign policy. However, if what the Minister said is accurate, there could be a representation from, say, Northamptonshire county council, which looks after local roads, regarding taking over responsibility for a road that comes under the remit of the Highways Agency. Such a move might help local development proposals. My understanding is that the Bill as now drafted would allow for that.

Phil Woolas: That is absolutely right. It is both my policy intention and, I am told, the practical impact of the measure, and that is desirable, especially when combined with the powers to co-operate in the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill, although I do not want to over-egg those, because they are duties to co-operate in setting goals. The processes to achieve such functions, in so far as they exist at the moment, are cumbersome, bureaucratic, opaque and the stuff of late-night red boxes full of immense detail. They benefit neither the Government nor the local area. The right hon. Member for East Yorkshire is not in the Chamber, but I could wax lyrical about the Bridlington harbour board, where the development of Bridlington was delayed because there was no set process. The hon. Member for Kettering gives us a good example of what can happen.
	Let me make the position on Wales clear. We all have the idea that we should empower Wales to apply the Bill's measures if it wants to. To that extent, the Bill covers Wales. However, as a result of an amendment tabled by the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood, the Bill was changed in Committee on 23 May. The Government of Wales Act 2006 and the local government Bill give power to the Assembly to legislate in many local government matters. I am advised that the Assembly could enact a version of this Bill, and I will need to discuss that with my colleagues in the Welsh Government. In essence, the Bill does not impose itself on Wales, but measures taken in the 2006 Act and the local government Bill, should Parliament adopt it, will allow the measures in this Bill to be taken up in Wales. That is an important matter for my hon. Friend the Member for Llanelli (Nia Griffith) and others. It is one of those devolved matters on which we have to decide whether we should tell the Assembly how to act. The same problem arises with the interaction of the proposed local panels.

Roger Williams: I thank the Minister for that explanation. Some funding of functions, such as the police service, is based in Westminster, but some of the problems could be addressed by moving funding from the police service to other authorities. We need to consider the situation in great detail. It is not relevant to Wales-only legislation alone, but England and Wales legislation as well.

Phil Woolas: The hon. Gentleman makes an accurate point on police funding. Policies on police funding, in particular the precept, where some powers rest in Cardiff and some in London, require the Welsh Assembly Government and the UK Government to get their act together, which we successfully did eventually for police funding for this current financial year.
	On the core of the difficulties raised by the right hon. Member for West Dorset and the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood, the latter places great importance on including a specific provision to enable local authorities to request the transfer of function from one body to another. That is his first issue. I have made that provision in subsections (2) and (3) of new clause 1. Following on from that, he has three concerns. One is that replacing clause 5 with my provisions rather than his will disrupt the narrative—the understanding—of the Bill. As I said, I have some sympathy for that, but it is the integrity of the legislation and its consistency that concern me. That will be important in the other place. We must be able to show that the Bill is consistent.
	Should new clause 1 be adopted, I would be more than happy to work with the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood—indeed, I would welcome it—to develop a broader narrative, in the wider sense of the word, to explain the Bill to local authorities and the wider public in documents or other material in plain English. This is a useful opportunity for me to make a point about plain English, although I know that he is not criticising us in that regard. The right hon. Member for Berwick-upon-Tweed (Mr. Beith) said that part of the problem with engaging the public is the language that we and public institutions use. Anybody who attended the Adjournment debate last night on the north-east regional spatial strategy would have needed a masters degree in public administration to keep up with it. It was difficult enough just reading out my speech. The subject of the debate of my hon. Friend the Member for Bishop Auckland (Helen Goodman) is hugely important to the north-east, but the language used was impenetrable. I take my share of the responsibility for that. We want to explain the Bill in plain English, so that the public understand it and do not have false expectations.
	I shall now turn to a more substantive objection. New clause 6 allows local authorities, having considered information in a local spending report, to
	"make a recommendation to the Secretary of State for a transfer of functions from one person to another."
	It goes on to say that
	"the Secretary of State must either adopt and implement...or reject the recommendation"
	within six months, and that if functions are transferred
	"the moneys for the discharge of those functions shall also be transferred"
	and
	"any local authority to which the functions are transferred may determine the policies to deliver the objectives of the function".
	The difficulty with that is that, in effect, local authorities would decide how any public money in their area should be spent and how any public functions should be delivered. If they could not convince their local partners to agree, they would call in the Secretary of State to arbitrate—and, they would hope, to take their funding and functions off them. That is not only impractical, but undesirable for the following reason. It would require the Secretary of State to step into any number of local disputes between local partners. The Secretary of State's remedy would be to compel the transfer of one body's functions and funding to a local authority. In that respect, the measure would strengthen the hand of the Secretary of State to determine what happens locally. Therefore, it would create further centralisation, not devolution.
	There is also concern that the Government's drafting and process for achieving the transfer of functions does not include funding. That is simply a drafting point. The function includes the finance; we are very clear about that. If a proposal were made about transfer of a function, it is extremely likely—and would, therefore, most often be the case—that it would cover a proposal about moving funding. A proposal covering transfer of function and movement of funding would clearly, therefore, fall within new clause 1. That is not only my view; it is also the view of the lawyers.

Oliver Letwin: I am grateful to the Minister for that. What he has said will be important in the context of Pepper  v. Hart and so forth. Will he confirm that what he meant to say in his last remarks is that if a local authority applies for a transfer of functions and applies for a transfer of funding, a Secretary of State in granting the transfer of functions would be granting the transfer of funding?

Phil Woolas: Yes, that is the consequence. It is one of those rare examples where the law and common sense are the same.
	Let me make a point about the production of a local spending report that identifies the money that is spent locally—such as the Kent £9 billion, although it was £8 billion when this was first explained to me, so it appears to have increased by £1 billion since then. I think that it actually has increased by £1 billion since then. Let me explain one of the advantages of the Bill. First, at present most of the £2.5 billion that is Kent's is in fact mine—it is ring-fenced. Secondly, some of the remainder is within the control of Kent at the margin, but most of it is not. There is also the crucial point raised by my hon. Friend the Member for Stourbridge (Lynda Waltho). I urge Members to trust the processes set up in new clauses 1 and 2 because what they do is square the circle that devolutionists always face between equity—the point that my hon. Friend addressed—and devolution, which the Bill addresses. The hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood put his finger on it when he said that it is the judgment of the outcome that matters. How unemployment is reduced in Kent or elsewhere is not the fundamental issue. The fact that it is reduced is the important thing.
	Under the framework of the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill and the comprehensive area assessment, it is up to a local authority and its partners to decide on the setting of local targets. Where it is clear that a function is failing, the local authority should be given the right to make a representation to transfer the function so that its objectives can be met. That proposal can come from anywhere, not just from the local spending report, under new clauses 1 and 2.
	The example of the youth club given by the right hon. Member for West Dorset is important. Another example has been given to us by the hon. Member for Kettering. Let me give the House a further example. Among the schemes that aim to reduce reoffending among young offenders who come out of borstal, the most effective that I am aware of are provided by the fire service. Crudely put, if we put a young bad lad in the fire service, two weeks will sort him out. The non-offending rates from those programmes are remarkably successful. However, it is not the job of the fire service to reduce offending. That is something that it does out of partnership, common sense and good spirit. It is extraordinarily difficult, under the present arrangements, for the local probation service and the police to give money to the fire service to provide that facility, even though the benefits from the work of the fire service result in savings to police budgets.
	I shall give one more example before I come to my argument about why new clauses 1 and 2 are better than new clause 6. Within the local government family, there is the brilliant example of the Blackburn slipper. We discussed this in Committee, and I apologise for repeating myself. The purchase by social services of new pairs of slippers for pensioners in Blackburn resulted in a reduction by a half in admissions to the local accident and emergency hospital for broken bones caused by falls. For the cost of a new pair of slippers, the local hospital saved a fortune, yet the local hospital is not allowed to give money to social services for those purposes under the present arrangements. I believe that new clauses 1 and 2 make more sense because they deal with a process of proposals from communities and individuals relating to the decisions of local authorities, set against the framework of their own objectives, not ours.

Oliver Letwin: We are getting close to the nub of the argument. Let us return to the Minister's example of the Blackburn slipper. If a transfer of functions were sought from the NHS, or a public health aspect of the Department of Health, to the local authority to enable the local authority to provide the slippers, would the local authority have the power under new clause 1 to achieve the objective of improving public health by a means which the body giving over the function to the local authority would not have been empowered to engage in itself? In other words, in this case, would the local authority be able to give the slippers to the pensioners if the body from which it was getting the function and the money had not had the power to do so under its own remit? If the answer is that it would have those powers under new clause 1, we are where we need to be. If, as I suspect, the answer is no, and the local authority would be constrained to doing only those things that the body from which it derived the functions was able to do under its vires, new clause 1 does not quite get to where the Minister and I want to get.

Phil Woolas: The right hon. Gentleman is rightly asking probing questions because we need to be clear about these things. He is asking about the transfer of the social care function, but does he mean from the local authority to the hospital or—

Oliver Letwin: indicated dissent.

Phil Woolas: From the hospital to the local authority?

Oliver Letwin: indicated assent.

Phil Woolas: In that case, the answer to the right hon. Gentleman's question is yes; we believe that we achieve that objective.
	At the heart of the policy is the desirability of changing financial arrangements at local level. It is clear from evidence from the health and social care sectors that preventive money is the way forward. As a nation, we must be able to spend money on prevention as well as on acute services, but the existing architecture does not allow us to do that sufficiently. We could all give many illustrations of that point; for example, the same arguments apply very much to early years. Evidence shows that intervention in the early years can save significant sums in teenage life. If we provide problem children with child care, Sure Start and other back-up mechanisms, we save three times as much as we spend over an 18-year period. The problem is that the agencies making such decisions have, of course, to abide by the law and by financial imperatives; they are not free to act in the best interests of the case.
	I concur with the right hon. Gentleman about the objective, but I shall explain a bit more. I can tell from his expression that I have not yet convinced him and I want to do so. Under new clause 1, if a local authority wants to recommend a transfer of funding or function, it may do so, but through the selector. That point may have posed a difficulty, so I shall explain the process.
	The selector is a person who is representative of local authorities. If the selector believes that the local authority has a strong case, they would include that recommendation in the shortlist of proposals. The Secretary of State would be duty bound by my proposed new clause to co-operate with the Local Government Association, which is a significant change since Committee. Furthermore, the Secretary of State would then have to consider the proposal. We shall be considering related amendments, but I can see the House is getting restless so I shall move quickly on.
	If local partners cannot settle their differences, the issue should be taken to a sector body—the selector. In my view, it should not be referred directly to the Secretary of State. It is not practicable or desirable for the Secretary of State to intervene in every local dispute by taking functions from one body by force and placing them with another. That is not how we see the relationship either between local partners or between the Government and local partners.
	In short, the proposed new clause—which I think comes from the Committee even though it is in my name—would allow proposals in any context, not just that of the local spending report, important though it is. It would provide a practical process and a framework for decisions, which would avoid the danger of mischievous or vexatious proposals—although I do not believe that would be common—and would give the public the reassurances they need. I hope that I have convinced the right hon. Gentleman.

Oliver Letwin: The Minister is being generous and his comments will be useful in the debate that follows, but may I try to get absolute clarity on the point? Let us take the earlier example about the Highways Agency and a road. A local authority makes a proposal for the transfer of functions in relation to the management of the road, and it has to do so through the selector. My hon. Friend the Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd) and I have no problems with that, and I do not think our colleagues on the Liberal Benches do either. Let us suppose that the selector selects the proposal and it thus goes to the Secretary of State, who says yes. The Minister has clearly said—for which I am grateful—that if the function of running the road transfers from the Highways Agency to the local authority, the money devoted to running it will transfer, too. That is very good.
	I come to my next question. I do not know what existing statutes say about the duties and powers of the Highways Agency, but if it is charged under those statutes to run the road in a certain way and if the transfer of function occurs and the whole point of seeking the transfer of function was that the local authority wished to achieve the same objective of transport sustaining the community properly, but in a way that is not provided for in the legislation governing the Highways Agency, will the local authority, once the transfer of functions has occurred, be able to run the road in a different way from the way in which it was run by the Highways Agency? That is the nub of the issue.

Phil Woolas: The right hon. Gentleman asks perhaps the most important question. The Government's policy intention is to achieve that. I cannot give him an absolute guarantee because one would have to look at statutes right across the board, but we believe that our drafting reflects the policy objective. The great beauty of having parliamentary counsel is that they tell us how to meet in law our policy objectives.  [ Interruption. ] That is what they do; the first parliamentary counsel is very clear about that.
	If, for example, there was something in highways law and we needed to change the legislation, we would obviously have to come to Parliament. The beauty of the Bill is that it provides the process by which that must happen. At the moment, local authorities and other local agencies have the frustration that there is no clear process for them to achieve their objectives. The Bill will make their ability to do that more effective. The hon. Member for Kettering has given us a really good example. In practice, the Highways Agency would come to the table at the local level and address the problem.
	Let me give the right hon. Gentleman another assurance. In law, the "Secretary of State" does not mean just the one Secretary of State; we are talking not just about the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, but about the Government, which includes the Department for Transport. The benefit of the process is that it not only brings a greater ability for local people to see that they can get their will done, but improves the way in which we govern. That is what we are attempting to achieve.
	I think that I have convinced the right hon. Gentleman on two out of three points. He and the Bill's promoter are sceptical on the third point but, on balance, I hope that they will accept my argument.

David Howarth: Will the Minister give way?

Phil Woolas: I said earlier that I would give way for the last time; this really is the last time.

David Howarth: I thank the Minister for giving way. Does he agree with the following summary? New clause 1 allows the transfer of powers from any authority to another authority, but it cannot overcome any prohibitions that are on the authority in the first place. In other words, one would need new legislation to expand or change the powers, or to get over an existing prohibition, but existing functions could be transferred from one authority to another in the sense of powers.

Phil Woolas: If I have understood the hon. Gentleman correctly, the answer is yes. As I said in Committee, on the transfer of function the Government's objective is to provide much greater flexibility in how local agencies can achieve objectives. That is at the heart of the Bill.
	If an authority wanted both to transfer and to change the method by which it did something—it would want to do that; otherwise who was doing it would be the only issue—and the change in method came up against a problem with the existing law, we would obviously have to deal with that. However, that is the case anyway because a problem arises if a local body cannot carry out a function because the law is in its way. Local people and local authorities will have the opportunity to use a process to do something about the situation.
	Let me return to a point that was made on Second Reading. There is no compact with local areas in this country. We have one with employers and employee representatives, so we understand that concept, although it has differed over the years and parties have different views on the form that it should take. The Bill provides for a compact with local areas.
	I will try to reassure hon. Members on both sides of the House. The Government's existing central-local partnership with the Local Government Association involves voluntary meetings. Indeed, the LGA is a voluntary body, which was why we had difficulty when drafting the selector proposals. Another advantage of the Bill is that because it locks in the relationship between the Government of the day and the LGA in a mutually beneficial manner, it gives councils a powerful reason why they should be members of the LGA. The substance of that relationship will be based in law, although one cannot legislate for how the relationship works in practice.
	Hon. Members might not be aware that as part of the central-local partnership, the LGA meets not only my Department, but all the Departments in Whitehall. A side benefit of the Bill, albeit an important benefit, is that the association will be given real meat. We all want a strong LGA.

Nick Hurd: rose—

Phil Woolas: I said that I would not take any more interventions. However, as the hon. Gentleman is the Bill's promoter, I must give way.

Nick Hurd: I am very grateful to the Minister for that and for the constructive way in which he has focused his remarks on the concerns that have been expressed. I put on record that I do not intend to press new clause 6 to a Division because he has convinced me that our policy objectives are alive.
	Will the Minister briefly address a possible understanding? Someone reading new clause 1 might think that local authorities will have a one-off opportunity to make recommendations on the transfer of functions. The intention behind new clause 6 was to make it clear that information on public spending would be published regularly so that local authorities could respond to it. The opportunity under new clause 6 would not be time-dated, but new clause 1 seems to provide for a one-off invitation of submissions to a national action plan. Will the Minister clarify his intentions?

Phil Woolas: The process will go on until Parliament says otherwise. I understand why the hon. Gentleman asks his question because new clause 1(5) states:
	"The Secretary of State must issue"—
	I inserted the word "must" at the request of the Committee for the purpose of clarity, although legislation usually includes the word "may", even when the Government intend that something must be done—
	"the first invitation under this section within the period of one year".
	The word "first" should reassure the hon. Gentleman.
	It is proposed that reports be produced at least annually. I want to create a framework based on the Bill that will give local authorities a clear process to allow them to say that they want consideration to take place. I will even call it the Hurd process, if it helps me to get the Bill through the House. I commend the Government amendments to the House and ask the hon. Gentleman to consider withdrawing new clause 6.

Nick Hurd: I beg to ask leave to withdraw the motion.
	 Motion and clause, by leave, withdrawn.

New Clause 1
	 — 
	Proposals by local authorities

'(1) The Secretary of State must invite local authorities to make proposals which they consider would contribute to promoting the sustainability of local communities.
	(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), a proposal may include a request for a transfer of functions from one person to another.
	(3) A local authority may not include a request under subsection (2) unless it has consulted—
	(a) the person whose functions it relates to, and
	(b) the person to whom the local authority considers the functions should be transferred.
	(4) A local authority must have regard to the matters specified in the Schedule before making a proposal.
	(5) The Secretary of State must issue the first invitation under this section within the period of one year beginning with the day on which this Act is passed.'.— [Mr. Woolas.]
	 Brought up, and read the First time.

Phil Woolas: I beg to move, That the clause be read a Second time.

Mr. Deputy Speaker: With this it will be convenient to discuss the following: new clause 2— Decision on short-list—
	'(1) Before inviting proposals under section [Proposals by local authorities], the Secretary of State must appoint a person (the "selector") to consider the proposals and, in co-operation with the Secretary of State, draw up a short-list of proposals in accordance with regulations under section [Proposals: regulations].
	(2) The selector must be a person who represents the interests of local authorities.
	(3) On receiving the short-list from the selector, the Secretary of State must decide which, if any, of the proposals on the short-list should be implemented.
	(4) Before making a decision under subsection (3) the Secretary of State must consult the selector and try to reach agreement.'.
	Amendment (a) to the proposed new clause, in subsection (3), leave out 'if any'.
	New clause 3— Action plans—
	'(1) The Secretary of State must publish—
	(a) the decision under section [Decision on short-list](3) and the reasons for it, and
	(b) with the decision, a statement of the action the Secretary of State proposes to take with a view to the implementation of any proposal.
	(2) A statement published under subsection (1)(b) is referred to in this section as an action plan.
	(3) The Secretary of State must publish and lay before Parliament a report, describing the progress which has been made in relation to any action plan, within the period of one year following the publication of the action plan and at intervals of not more than one year thereafter.
	(4) Subsection (3) does not apply in relation to an action plan if the action plan has been implemented.'.
	New clause 4— Proposals: regulations—
	'(1) The Secretary of State must make regulations about the procedure to be followed in relation to proposals under section [Proposals by local authorities].
	(2) Before making regulations the Secretary of State must consult—
	(a) the selector, and
	(b) such other persons who represent the interests of local authorities as the Secretary of State thinks fit.
	(3) Regulations may, in particular—
	(a) specify, or authorise the selector to specify, steps to be taken by a local authority before making proposals;
	(b) specify steps to be taken by the selector in considering the proposals and drawing up a short-list;
	(c) require the selector to prepare, and give to the Secretary of State, a report on the proposals.
	(4) Regulations must—
	(a) require a local authority, before making any proposal under section [Proposals by local authorities], either—
	(i) to establish a panel of representatives of local persons and consult it about the proposal, or
	(ii) to consult representatives of local persons in accordance with another enactment mentioned in the regulations (and an enactment that has not yet come into force for other purposes is deemed to have come into force for the purposes of the regulations),
	(b) require a local authority to try to reach agreement about proposals with the panel or other persons consulted under paragraph (a), and
	(c) require a local authority to have regard to any guidance issued under subsection (5).
	(5) The Secretary of State must issue guidance to local authorities about making proposals, which—
	(a) must include guidance about the inclusion among representatives of local persons (for the purposes of subsection (4)(a)(i) or (ii)) of persons from under-represented groups,
	(b) may include other guidance about establishing and consulting a panel of representatives of local persons, and
	(6) Before issuing or revising guidance under subsection (5) the Secretary of State must consult—
	(a) local authorities, or
	(b) persons who represent the interests of local authorities.
	(7) For the purposes of subsection (2) or (6) any consultation undertaken before the day on which this Act is passed is as effective as it would have been if undertaken after that day.
	(8) In this section—
	"local person" means, in relation to a proposal by a local authority under section [Proposals by local authorities], a person who is likely to be affected by, or interested in, the proposal;
	"panel" means a panel constituted in accordance with regulations;
	"representative" means, in relation to local persons, a person who appears to the local authority to be representative of the local persons;
	"under-represented groups" has the meaning given by regulations.
	(9) Regulations under this section—
	(a) must be made by statutory instrument, and
	(b) are subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.'.
	Amendment (a) to the proposed new clause, in subsection (4)(a)(i), after 'establish', insert 'or recognise'.
	Amendment (c) to the proposed new clause, in subsection (4)(a), leave out sub-paragraph (ii).
	Amendment No. 3, page 1, line 9, clause 1, leave out 'principal councils' and insert 'local authorities'.
	Amendment No. 4, page 2, line 1, leave out Clause 2.
	Amendment No. 5, page 2, line 2, clause 2, leave out 'principal councils' and insert 'local authorities'.
	Amendment No. 6, page 2, line 8, clause 2, leave out 'principal councils' and insert 'local authorities'.
	Amendment No. 7, page 2, line 13, clause 2, leave out 'principal councils' and insert 'local authorities'.
	Amendment No. 8, page 2, line 25, clause 2, leave out 'principal councils' and insert 'local authorities'.
	Amendment No. 9, page 2, line 42, clause 2, leave out 'principal councils' and insert 'local authorities'.
	Amendment No. 10, page 3, line 4, leave out clause 3.
	Amendment No. 11, page 3, line 5, clause 3, leave out 'principal council' and insert 'local authority'.
	Amendment No. 12, page 3, line 10, clause 3, leave out 'principal council's' and insert 'local authority's'.
	Amendment No. 14, page 3, line 17, clause 3, leave out 'council's' and insert 'authority's'.
	Amendment No. 15, page 3, line 28, clause 3, leave out 'principal council' and insert 'local authority'.
	Amendment No. 16, page 3, line 34, clause 3, leave out 'council' and insert 'authority'.
	Amendment No. 17, page 3, line 37, clause 3, leave out 'council's' and insert 'authority's'.
	Amendment No. 18, page 3, line 41, clause 3, leave out 'principal council' and insert 'local authority'.
	Amendment No. 20, page 3, line 44, clause 3, leave out 'principal council' and insert 'local authority'.
	Amendment No. 21, page 4, line 10, clause 4, leave out 'principal council' and insert 'local authority'.
	Amendment No. 26, page 4, line 31, clause 5, leave out 'principal council' and insert 'local authority'.
	Amendment No. 27, page 4, line 33, clause 5, leave out 'council' and insert 'authority'.
	Amendment No. 28, page 4, line 35, clause 5, leave out 'council' and insert 'authority'.
	Amendment No. 29, page 4, line 36, clause 5, leave out 'principal council' and insert 'local authority'.
	Amendment No. 30, page 4, line 41, clause 5, leave out 'council' and insert 'authority'.
	Amendment No. 31, page 4, line 42, clause 5, leave out 'principal council' and insert 'local authority'.
	Amendment No. 32, page 5, line 4, clause 5, leave out 'principal council' and insert 'local authority'.
	Amendment No. 33, page 5, line 7, clause 5, leave out 'council' and insert 'authority'.
	Amendment No. 34, page 5, line 12, clause 5, leave out 'principal council' and insert 'local authority'.
	Amendment No. 35, page 5, line 20, clause 6, leave out from 'means' to end of line 21 and insert
	'a county council in England, a district council, a London borough council, the Common Council of the City of London or the Council of the Isles of Scilly;'.
	Amendment No. 36, page 5, clause 6, leave out lines 22 to 27.
	Amendment No. 37, page 5, clause 6, leave out lines 30 to 34.
	Amendment No. 39, page 7, line 3 of the schedule, leave out 'indicators' and insert 'matters'.
	Amendment No. 40, page 7, line 3 of the schedule, leave out 'indicators referred to in section 2' and insert
	'matters referred to in section [Proposals by local authorities]'.
	Amendment No. 41, page 7, line 10 of the schedule, leave out 'principal council' and insert 'local authority'.
	Amendment No. 43, page 7, line 28 of the schedule, leave out paragraph (j).
	Amendment No. 42, in title, line 1, leave out from 'provision' to 'and' in line 8 and insert
	'about promoting the sustainability of local communities;'.

Phil Woolas: I will not repeat myself, Mr. Deputy Speaker, and you would not allow me to anyway. I am grateful to you for allowing such latitude in the debate on the new clause 6, which is the other side of the coin to new clauses 1 and 2. I shall just take the opportunity to put on the record some information that I hope will be beneficial to the House.
	First, I will talk about the words, "if any", which would be omitted by amendment (a) to new clause 2, which the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood tabled. I will not make a big fuss about the issue. The formal situation is that the original drafting included the words "if any", which presented the Government with a problem because it meant that there was compulsion on the Secretary of State. The hon. Gentleman may argue that that is a jolly good thing, and in some circumstances I could see myself arguing that. However, as I asked my colleagues for their views on the matter, there has been a change, namely the insertion in new clause 2 of "co-operation".
	I have listened to the argument, and do not want to make a big thing about the issue. I would prefer that the amendment not be made, because it is not necessary, and it ties the Secretary of State down. The argument has moved on and I would be interested to hear what the intention behind the amendment is. I hope that that helps.
	I give the assurance that the Government are not looking for a get-out. We want the process to work, and we want the proposals that come from the action plan and the selector to be workable. Including a requirement for co-operation in the production of the shortlist would make it most likely that the proposals made were workable. It is difficult to envisage a situation in which any Government presented with a shortlist of high-quality consensual proposals would simply turn them all down. There may be circumstances in which that would happen, but it would be a foolish Government who did that. From time to time, we have had foolish Governments, but that is not the case at the moment, of course.
	The clause is drafted as it is simply to ensure that if at any point the selector produces a shortlist that does not contain proposals that could be implemented, the Secretary of State would not be required to implement them. As I say, the change made by introducing the word "co-operation" is important. Hon. Members will be aware that the Bill places little restriction on the selector in terms of how they arrive at a shortlist, what is on it, and how proposals are presented to the Secretary of State. There could be a shortlist of one, although I do not imagine that that would be the case, or the shortlist could contain only proposals that would be very expensive to implement or that conflicted in a significant way with a Government's manifesto policy. However, I cannot foresee that situation occurring, because of the relationships that exist between central and local government, which are broadly good at the moment. We have a very good working relationship with the Local Government Association—it might in time break down, but I hope not. The arguments are valid, but on balance I would not go to the wall on them, particularly, as I say, because of that co-operation.
	I have explained to the House my objectives in new clause 1 and how I think they will strengthen the Bill. The requirement on the Secretary of State—the word used is "must"—to invite local authorities to make proposals is covered by new clause1. I do not intend to go into the detail of the proposal, as we have already discussed it at great length. I draw the attention of the House to new clause 1 to show how it fits into the narrative.
	Just as local people and councillors are being given new rights and new powers, so too should local authorities be given new rights and new powers to make proposals. The clause provides the reassurances that local partners will need. A local body—the highways authority has been used as an example—has a right to be consulted about a proposal to change its function. As I have said before, that right to be consulted is more likely to lead to the outcome that we seek. Subsection (5) sets a timetable of one year, and I have explained why that is the case.
	There is no limit on the number of proposals on the shortlist. The proposals from local authorities would go to the selector. I shall repeat an assurance, for the avoidance of doubt and for the benefit of the House and those listening—I am reminded that obscure though the debates on a Friday often are, on this occasion my words are being listened to and read very carefully. Last night my answering machine was full of messages of encouragement, such as, "Don't back down, you so-and-so." It is amazing how cynical some people can be. The industrial language used by some of them was fluent, and those were just the members of the Labour party. I paid particular attention to the 100-plus letters that I received from the fine people of Oldham, East and Saddleworth, who are the finest in the nation, and the most important newspaper on planet Earth, the  Oldham Evening Chronicle , is watching and listening closely. I repeat: there is no intention to water down the measure.
	The provision in new clause 2 for us to appoint a selector gives reassurance and establishes a sensible process. We are talking to the Local Government Association about the matter. Letters of support have no doubt been received by hon. Members across the House. We want the proposals to be workable, and it is desirable that we help to strengthen the LGA as well.
	New clause 2 as drafted states:
	"On receiving the short-list from the selector, the Secretary of State must decide which, if any, of the proposals on the short-list should be implemented."
	She or he
	"must consult the selector and try to reach agreement."
	That is enshrined in the proposals. The narrative of the Bill is built on that.

Greg Knight: I am grateful to the Minister for giving way. May I ask him a small favour? Between now and the Bill reaching completion in another place, will he give further thought to the name that he has chosen—the selector? It is an awful description. Would not community secretary or community officer be better?

Phil Woolas: I am sorry, but I did not hear the right hon. Gentleman's suggestion. If he has one, I invite him to put it forward.

Greg Knight: Community officer or community secretary.

Phil Woolas: I have carried out extensive and comprehensive consultation across the Houses of Parliament in the past five seconds, and although early indications show that the right hon. Gentleman has a point about the word "selector", I am not sure whether his suggestion is better. We debated that point in Committee, where there some concern was expressed about the word "selector". We had a fascinating conversation about early 1980s pop music and, indeed, rock music.
	Something tumultuous is happening in this House—my right hon. Friend the Member for Manchester, Gorton (Sir Gerald Kaufman) is sitting opposite me. I assure television viewers that it is not a change in ideology.

Gerald Kaufman: I sat here too often to do it deliberately.

Phil Woolas: My right hon. Friend has made his point well.
	The word "selector" is not ideal, but it describes the role. Because it is clear that the LGA is the obvious body to undertake the role, "selector" will disappear into statute. In practice, one will refer to the LGA. Because the LGA is a voluntary body, one cannot compel it to act through statute, but we hope that the agreement will provide for the selector role. I still have an open mind on the name, but I will not repeat the musical preferences of members of the Committee.
	Although this group contains a number of other amendments, new clauses 1 to 4 plus the consequential arrangements provide for a simple process in legislative terms. There should be identification of and transparency in local spending. People should have the ability to get involved and to be consulted and informed. I had great difficulty in drafting the proposals for the panel relating to clause 139 of the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill, which does not exist in law so legislation cannot refer to it. Hence the perhaps obscure wording, which builds on clause 139.
	I think that the hon. Member for St. Albans (Anne Main) will take comfort from this and take it back to her local meetings. It is desirable that there should be involvement, consultation and so on. Generally speaking, how that is done will be determined locally, but a local authority must be able to show that what is done satisfies the requirements of the legislation and the detailed guidance that flows from it, which will be consulted on. If an authority cannot do that, we will tell it how it must consult. The Bill sponsors have chosen the panel as the proper method, and there is strength in that idea in terms of public reassurance. People are cynical about elected politicians—by goodness, they are—so consultation on proposals with a panel of 12 good men and true, 12 good men and women true or 12 good youngsters will strengthen the Bill. That process—that building block—is put in place and it strengthens the ability to take the financial decisions sought by the hon. Members for Bexhill and Battle (Gregory Barker) and for Ruislip-Northwood.
	I think that I have covered all the points raised by the new clauses and amendments. I commend our proposals to the House.

Martin Horwood: I congratulate the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd) on getting the Bill this far and offer him my warm support. I am beginning to understand the patience required by those who served on the Committee and the lengths to which people sometimes have to go to support the causes in which they believe.
	I am concerned by the tone of some of the Government amendments, including new clauses 4 and 2. I welcome amendment (a)—a cheeky little amendment that makes an important point—but amendment No. 39 is an example of the way in which some of the language of the Bill is beginning to change, threatening its sense and purpose. Reflecting earlier Government amendments to other parts of the Bill, it changes the word "indicators" to the word "matters", but that implies that the various matters listed in the schedule are simply issues for discussion and not, as they are really intended to be, indicators of the health of a local community.
	Let me illustrate that by reference to my own constituency. To outsiders, Cheltenham often seems like a very affluent place, and it is indeed doing well by many conventional economic indicators. However, a list of indicators such as that in the schedule would probably reveal a rather different picture. For instance, it might reveal the loss of local NHS services, including in-patient children's services and some local mental health services, and the imminent downgrading of our local maternity ward. It might reveal that the opening of five large supermarkets, while obviously delivering benefits to constituents as consumers, has occurred at some cost, in the most recent case almost immediately resulting in the loss of a series of local shops, in turn resulting in a loss of choice for consumers. The second indicator would reveal whether that was at some cost to the local economy.
	The list of indicators might reveal the loss of local post offices, which have been reduced from 19 to 14 to 10 and will soon be reduced to nine or even fewer. It might highlight the risk to our green spaces, which seem to be continually threatened by over-development, or the threat to local railway services, which, it has been suggested, might move out of town and thereby make the town less, not more, sustainable. It might reveal the difficulty faced by local businesses such as Battledown brewery, which is struggling to get Cheltenham's only local beers into the large local supermarkets. That is a cause that I am sure that many hon. Members would happily support.

Phil Woolas: I am outraged to hear that, and I will take up the cudgels on that matter if the hon. Gentleman wants me to.
	My intention in amendments Nos. 39 and 40 is to avoid confusion. The local government White Paper refers to national indicators, and the targets in the new comprehensive area assessment will be referred to as indicators. I am trying to avoid confusion in the public mind—that is my only intent—but I take the hon. Gentleman's point.

Martin Horwood: I am grateful to the Minister for that response, particularly support for Battledown brewery and getting Cheltenham SPA into local supermarkets. I shall take him up on that. His comments were instructive in relation to the use of the word "indicators". The point is that they should be treated as genuine indicators of the health of a community locally. I appreciate that he is trying not to cause confusion, but I fear that we may be losing the sense of an important part of the Bill.
	The amendments are important in relation to how consultations are dealt with. In many of the cases that I cited, certainly those relating to local services, there has been a strong sense locally either that consultations have not happened or that they have been granted grudgingly and that the wishes of local people have been ignored—in some cases, such as that of in-patient children's services at Cheltenham general hospital, spectacularly ignored.
	If the Bill would still achieve what those who campaigned for it intended—namely, delivering not only consultation but participation—it has my continued enthusiastic support. Participation is not the same as consultation, which can be ignored. We are considering a genuine shift in power to local people that cannot easily be ignored.

Phil Woolas: We agree with the hon. Gentleman's intention. The Bill, clause 139 of the Local Government and Involvement in Public Health Bill and the accompanying statutory guidance, will make participation and involvement more accessible and more likely. Crucially, the duty will be to inform, consult and involve. That is important for communities and for the third sector, which the hon. Gentleman supports.

Martin Horwood: I am grateful for the Minister's comments and I welcome the intention behind them but, again, the language is a little revealing. We are considering not only involvement but building into the Bill a presumption that the measures that communities and local people suggest will be adopted unless there are good reasons not to do that. I should like that important presumption to survive the Bill's later stages. If it passes that test, it remains one of the most important and radical measures that we have considered in this Parliament. It sets an important precedent for Government as a whole and continues to have my enthusiastic support.

Nick Hurd: I thank the hon. Member for Cheltenham (Martin Horwood) for his support for the Bill and the small amendments in my name, which I shall explain briefly.
	Amendment (a) to new clause 2 would remove the words "if any" from subsection (3). I believe that the Minister understands our point: someone who read the new clause might be encouraged to believe that we were passing a measure under which nothing need happen. Although we understand the Minister's possible need for safeguards, we encourage him to take comfort from the inclusion in the process of the selector, which we all hope will be the Local Government Association. We all agree that that is a highly credible body in which we should have some trust. The Minister already has a safeguard in the duty of co-operation in drawing up the short list. Clearly, the Secretary of State would not co-operate in including absurd proposals that are impossible to implement. I therefore hope that the Minister will consider our amendment reasonable and not divide the House on it.
	On amendment (c) to new clause 4, we believe that subsection (4)(a)(ii) should be removed because it undermines what we are trying to achieve. We should send a strong signal that the Bill should promote best practice in engaging with local communities and in the process of consultation with communities. I believe that the Minister accepts the concept of community panels. Sub-paragraph (ii) of subsection (4) undermines that concept and may leave too much space for local authorities to avoid setting up the panels and to engage in more traditional consultation processes of meeting in the town hall or issuing a questionnaire. In our experience, those processes are rather debased in terms of public trust. Traditional public consultation is often perceived as a sham. The Bill intends to send a strong signal that there is something different about the new process of engagement and consultation. If that explanation is clear, I hope that the Minister will not divide the House on those amendments.

Greg Knight: I want to speak briefly about amendment No. 43, which would leave out paragraph (j) of the schedule. The schedule may not survive the Bill's passing into law, but I would like to tease out of my hon. Friend the Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd) his reason for believing that paragraph (j) is essential. It covers
	"measures designed to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases".
	I know that my hon. Friend, together with my hon. Friend the Member for Bexhill and Battle (Gregory Barker) are on the energetic wing of our party when it comes to climate change issues, whereas my hon. Friend the Member for Shipley (Philip Davies) and I are somewhere between my hon. Friend the Member for Ruislip-Northwood and Lord Lawson of Blaby on these matters.
	Having established our respective positions, it is fair to say that the Bill is primarily about making local communities sustainable, not about greenhouse gas emissions, which is a global issue and is more properly addressed in any climate change legislation. My concern is that almost any activity that helps make a community sustainable will increase CO2 emissions—employment, commerce, construction, farming and transport, for example.

Martin Horwood: Does the right hon. Gentleman not see the connection, for instance, between encouraging renewable sources of energy at local level and sustainability on a global scale? The two are intimately connected.

Greg Knight: I do see that and I will come on to that very issue in a few moments, if I may.
	It seems to me that the particular requirement in the Bill could be used against the local food economy. When I started to investigate the impact of food on the environment, I thought that I would find myself concentrating on the issue of food miles, but it appears that transport is a tiny component of agriculture's worldwide contribution to greenhouse gas emissions—and the main culprit is in the fields chewing cud. It turns out that livestock, predominantly cattle, are responsible for about 18 per cent. of the total of all emissions. A fifth of all our emissions—more than the emissions produced by the poor old tax-clobbered motorist—are due to cattle. About 70 per cent. of all agricultural land is used to raise animals and that amounts to about a third of the land surface of the planet. What is more, more than a third of all our cereal production goes to feed those animals. A recent UN report estimated that 160 millions tonnes of carbon dioxide are associated with the fossil fuels emitted by cattle.

Martin Horwood: I am awaiting with great anticipation the right hon. Gentleman's endorsement of vegetarianism; otherwise, what solution is he suggesting to deal with the problem presented by the cows and how would he prevent emissions of methane?

Greg Knight: I am not a vegetarian and I am not advising the House to go vegan, although I presume from the hon. Gentleman's intervention that that is what he would like me to do. We are able to tackle some issues—home insulation, for example—without destroying people's lifestyle. Emissions from homes and factories account for about a third of the present total, so we could eat into a whole third without affecting local communities, without changing the way people go about their business and without destroying the sustainability of local communities.
	It is not just a matter of carbon dioxide, as animals produce other gases, but I do not want to go any further into that now. This is not a debate on agriculture. I would, however, like my hon. Friend the Member for Ruislip-Northwood further to consider the particular provision in the schedule. It could be used by some people to close local businesses or it could be used against the activities of local farmers and others. I feel that it sits uneasily with a Bill that is trying to promote sustainable communities. My view is that this issue should be left to be dealt with comprehensively by a climate change Bill.

Julia Goldsworthy: Following on from the right hon. Member for East Yorkshire (Mr. Knight), we need to ensure that local services remain available at the community level. If we want to cut down on people's car miles, the easiest way is to ensure that they have access to local services. There are therefore measures that can simultaneously benefit the environment and the sustainability of the local community.
	I shall not dwell on new clause 1, as it was extensively debated in the earlier string of amendments. New clause 3 is obviously welcome because it underlines parliamentary accountability in the working of the Bill. I shall thus comment briefly on new clauses 2 and 4 and the amendments tabled by the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd).
	We must remember that the body that will put forward the list of proposals will be the Local Government Association. That filter will represent an important safeguard and it will not be the case that an irresponsible local council will be able to go directly to the Secretary of State with proposals that do not make sense or that have a clear political motive. The LGA is duty bound to represent the views of all of its members, and that is an important safeguard that will mitigate the need for the inclusion of "if any" in the clause as drafted. I hope that the Minister will think about that again.
	New clause 4 contains the regulatory framework for the mechanism of how consultation and participation will work in relation to new clause 1. Amendment (a) to new clause 4 would ensure that it will be possible to recognise existing bodies instead of requiring additional bodies to be set up, so I hope that the Minister will not object to it.
	Amendment (c) tries to deal with the issue of either/or. We need to ensure that there is a minimum standard of democratic right in this part of the Bill and remember the cynicism that exists. If a local council abuses the mechanisms that we are trying to create, the public will be well aware of that, and that provides democratic accountability. It is important that the Bill sends a clear signal that the public should be confident that no Government will use the Bill to act in an unreasonable way. Our amendments are reasonable in terms of the democratic standard for participation rather than simple, qualitative consultation, and I hope that the Minister will consider them. We must also be realistic about the fact that the public are alert to the potential for abuse by local and central Government.

Philip Davies: I rise to touch briefly on some of the issues that have been mentioned. We had a long discussion earlier about why new clause 6 was better than new clause 1, and I do not intend to revisit it. My hon. Friend the Member for St. Albans (Anne Main) raised the elephant in the room in relation to the Bill and new clause 1, and that is planning and where it fits into this issue.
	In my constituency, the issue that undermines the sustainable community that we all wish to see is the planning regime and, for example, the infrastructure that is needed to support new development. That is a huge issue in many areas. I wonder whether the Minister could clarify where the regional assemblies fit in in relation to new clause 1. The functions currently performed by regional assemblies would be better dealt with at a local authority level, especially when it comes to how many houses local authorities have to build in their area. Whatever local control local authorities have over planning—and they do not have very much—is hindered in my area by the fact that the regional assembly is insisting that over the next 15 years Bradford council has to build some 15,000 houses, whether it likes it or not. That regional assembly is unelected, unaccountable and unnecessary. It has no popular support. There was no popular support for an elected assembly in the north-east, so there is certainly no popular support for an unelected and unaccountable regional assembly. I hope that Minister will explain where planning and the ability of local authorities to decide how many houses can be sustained in the local area fit into new clause 1.

Richard Younger-Ross: I am slightly puzzled by the hon. Gentleman's remarks. If there is no support for an unelected regional assembly and he would not favour an elected assembly, how can strategic decisions for a region be taken democratically?

Philip Davies: My point relates to the amount of houses that should be built in a given local area. I believe—to be honest, I am surprised that the hon. Gentleman does not agree—that the decision on how many houses are sustainable in a given area and community should best be made by the local authority concerned and not by a regional assembly based in another part of the area.

Lynda Waltho: I am sorry—I do not know the political make-up of the assembly that the hon. Gentleman is referring to, but surely his local council has elected representatives on it.

Philip Davies: The point is that although there may well be such a representative, they can be outvoted, whereas if the issue is dealt with at a purely local level, a decision cannot be foisted on my local area and on Bradford that the people do not want, which is what happens at the moment. Housing developments in my constituency have been insisted on by a combination of the regional assembly, which insisted on a particular number of houses being built, and a Government planning inspector who decided that the area was ripe for development—totally against the wishes of the community and of the local authority. If we are trying to encourage sustainable development, we should encourage the making of these decisions at a local level.

David Drew: I refer the hon. Gentleman to paragraph 1(l) of the schedule, which clearly refers to
	"planning policies which would assist with the purposes of this Act, including new arrangements for the provision of affordable housing".
	Indeed, that was an amendment that I was pleased to move in Committee, so the argument is made regarding sustainability of settlement and what can be achieved through this Bill. I therefore do not know why the hon. Gentleman has chosen to go on at such great length about regional assemblies at this point.

Philip Davies: The hon. Gentleman is ignoring the fact that regional assemblies currently decide how many houses have to be built in a local area, whether or not the authority in question wants them. That situation has to be dealt with. There is no point in saying that we are giving more powers to local people and local authorities on matters of sustainability, when the power to decide on one of the biggest sustainability issues in our local communities has been taken away from them and given to regional assemblies.

Phil Woolas: I am sure, Mr. Deputy Speaker, that you will not allow a debate on regional assemblies, but just to give the hon. Gentleman some reassurance, I point out that the Bill as drafted and before the House today includes regional assemblies within the list of bodies in respect of which a local authority can request a transfer of functions. So such a mechanism exists.

Philip Davies: I am incredibly grateful to the Minister for providing that clarification, which will certainly give people in Shipley and Bradford and members of Bradford council a lot of hope and encouragement when this Bill reaches the statute book.
	I should point out in passing that I support the amendments—the "cheeky" amendments, as I think the hon. Member for Cheltenham (Martin Horwood) described them—tabled by my hon. Friend the Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd) and the hon. Member for Stroud (Mr. Drew), which would delete the words "if any" from new clause 2 and insert "or recognise" after "establish" in new clause 4. I am sure that we do not want to create a new bureaucracy by establishing new bodies; rather, we should simply be recognising existing ones.
	I want to touch on the issues raised by my right hon. Friend the Member for East Yorkshire (Mr. Knight), who made a very valuable point. I mentioned earlier my concern about consensus in politics. We appear to have gone down a road whereby people's ability to exercise free speech on certain subjects is being undermined, and there is no greater example of that at the moment than climate change. People have jumped on to that particular bandwagon with religious zeal, rather than looking at the issue from a purely objective perspective. Of course we all care about the future of our planet and the legacy that we leave our children and grandchildren—nobody doubts the importance of that—but the question is how effective the measures taken are in tackling any problem that there may be. It is no good our trying to do something completely disproportionate that disproportionately affects our economy and the quality of life of the people of this country, with no overall benefit to the world as a whole, anyway.
	My right hon. Friend touches on an important point. We know that only 2 per cent. of the world's carbon emissions are emitted from the UK. How much of the world's carbon emissions are emitted from each of our local areas? A tiny fraction. We all want to encourage people to get involved in things such as recycling and helping the local environment. That is to be welcomed and happens in many of our local communities already. However, as he said, do we really want to encourage people who are motivated not by a belief in environmental issues but by wider anti-capitalist views to charge along with something that they have introduced on the basis of sustainable development, when we all know that the overall impact on global emissions will be tiny and worthless while China churns out new power stations week after week?
	I hope that people will not use this popular Bill, which will be important for enhancing local accountability, to jump on a bandwagon that will make little difference to global warming and global carbon emissions. The Bill's purpose, which I strongly support, is to enable local people, in their local community, to have a real say on the decisions that are taken on their behalf. I hope that it will not be used by people in the pursuit of objectives that are not consistent with that purpose, which will allow my local residents to have a greater say in decisions taken in their area.

Mr. Deputy Speaker: Order. The hon. Gentleman was in danger of making a Third Reading speech, which is something that I shall bear in mind.

Phil Woolas: I apologise for taking time to get to my feet, Mr. Deputy Speaker, but I was taken by surprise. I was waiting to hear where we were going next. The hon. Member for Shipley (Philip Davies) speaks his mind, and I congratulate him on that, although I am not sure what it had to do with the amendments.
	I commented on the removal of "if any" and do not intend to oppose amendment (a) to new clause 2. The hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd) explained why we need it, especially as the drafting change requires co-operation in drawing up the shortlist of proposals. It gives us an opportunity to have a sensible and pragmatic approach. As for the panels, it is not desirable to say that there must be a panel if there is an alternative, but he wants to ensure that there is another way of going about things. Everyone who served on the Committee agreed and saw that as at the heart of the proposals. As I said, I would prefer not to have those amendments, but I do not intend to delay the passing of the Bill on that basis.
	The right hon. Member for East Yorkshire (Mr. Knight) put forward his argument on amendment No. 43. We are neutral on that. The Government see the benefits of including emissions in the Bill, but I had not thought of the point that he made. I pay a lot of attention to what he says, because my experience is that he makes thoughtful, and correct, amendments.

Greg Knight: I am grateful for the Minister's response and for noting my comments. On that basis, and on the basis that he bears my comments in mind when he pursues the matter further, I shall not press my amendment to a Division.

Phil Woolas: I am grateful to the right hon. Gentleman for that. I should mention that I visited his local authority area, and that the authority has helped the Government. It has taken great strides forward in involving local people and providing services at the local level—and it has done so on an all-party basis. The ideas that it, and particularly its leading councillors and chief executive, put forward were important in the formulation of our policy as set out in the local government White Paper. The East Riding of Yorkshire is one of the most beautiful parts of the country. The local authority has made tremendous improvements as a result of using new technology to service what is largely a rural area—in fact, almost all of it is rural.
	The group of amendments under discussion includes many Government amendments that simply make drafting improvements, in particular changing "council" to "authority", which I am told is important for the avoidance of doubt. I will not comment further on them.
	The Bill is workable and there is consensus on it. It complements and adds to other legislation and policies. It is an important part of the architecture of measures in respect of local government. I think that all the questions on this group of amendments have now been answered.
	 Question put and agreed to.
	 Clause read a Second time, and added to the Bill.

New Clause 2
	 — 
	Decision on short-list

'(1) Before inviting proposals under section [Proposals by local authorities], the Secretary of State must appoint a person (the "selector") to consider the proposals and, in co-operation with the Secretary of State, draw up a short-list of proposals in accordance with regulations under section [Proposals: regulations].
	(2) The selector must be a person who represents the interests of local authorities.
	(3) On receiving the short-list from the selector, the Secretary of State must decide which, if any, of the proposals on the short-list should be implemented.
	(4) Before making a decision under subsection (3) the Secretary of State must consult the selector and try to reach agreement.'.— [Mr. Woolas.]
	 Brought up,  and  read the First and Second time.
	 Amendment made: (a), in subsection (3), leave out 'if any'.— [Mr. Hurd.]
	 Clause, as amended, added to the Bill.

New Clause 3
	 — 
	Action plans

'(1) The Secretary of State must publish—
	(a) the decision under section [Decision on short-list](3) and the reasons for it, and
	(b) with the decision, a statement of the action the Secretary of State proposes to take with a view to the implementation of any proposal.
	(2) A statement published under subsection (1)(b) is referred to in this section as an action plan.
	(3) The Secretary of State must publish and lay before Parliament a report, describing the progress which has been made in relation to any action plan, within the period of one year following the publication of the action plan and at intervals of not more than one year thereafter.
	(4) Subsection (3) does not apply in relation to an action plan if the action plan has been implemented.'.— [Mr. Woolas.]
	 Brought up, read the First and Second time, and added to the Bill.

New Clause 4
	 — 
	Proposals: regulations

'(1) The Secretary of State must make regulations about the procedure to be followed in relation to proposals under section [Proposals by local authorities].
	(2) Before making regulations the Secretary of State must consult—
	(a) the selector, and
	(b) such other persons who represent the interests of local authorities as the Secretary of State thinks fit.
	(3) Regulations may, in particular—
	(a) specify, or authorise the selector to specify, steps to be taken by a local authority before making proposals;
	(b) specify steps to be taken by the selector in considering the proposals and drawing up a short-list;
	(c) require the selector to prepare, and give to the Secretary of State, a report on the proposals.
	(4) Regulations must—
	(a) require a local authority, before making any proposal under section [Proposals by local authorities], either—
	(i) to establish a panel of representatives of local persons and consult it about the proposal, or
	(ii) to consult representatives of local persons in accordance with another enactment mentioned in the regulations (and an enactment that has not yet come into force for other purposes is deemed to have come into force for the purposes of the regulations),
	(b) require a local authority to try to reach agreement about proposals with the panel or other persons consulted under paragraph (a), and
	(c) require a local authority to have regard to any guidance issued under subsection (5).
	(5) The Secretary of State must issue guidance to local authorities about making proposals, which—
	(a) must include guidance about the inclusion among representatives of local persons (for the purposes of subsection (4)(a)(i) or (ii)) of persons from under-represented groups,
	(b) may include other guidance about establishing and consulting a panel of representatives of local persons, and
	(6) Before issuing or revising guidance under subsection (5) the Secretary of State must consult—
	(a) local authorities, or
	(b) persons who represent the interests of local authorities.
	(7) For the purposes of subsection (2) or (6) any consultation undertaken before the day on which this Act is passed is as effective as it would have been if undertaken after that day.
	(8) In this section—
	"local person" means, in relation to a proposal by a local authority under section [Proposals by local authorities], a person who is likely to be affected by, or interested in, the proposal;
	"panel" means a panel constituted in accordance with regulations;
	"representative" means, in relation to local persons, a person who appears to the local authority to be representative of the local persons;
	"under-represented groups" has the meaning given by regulations.
	(9) Regulations under this section—
	(a) must be made by statutory instrument, and
	(b) are subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.'.— [Mr. Woolas.]
	 Brought up, and read the First and Second time.
	 Amendment s made: (a), in subsection (4)(a)(i) after 'establish', insert 'or recognise'.
	(c), in subsection (4)(a), leave out sub-paragraph (ii).— [Mr. Hurd.]
	 Clause, as amended, added to the Bill.

New Clause 5
	 — 
	Sustainable community strategies

'(1) In each of the enactments mentioned in subsection (2) for "community strategy" substitute "sustainable community strategy".
	(2) Those enactments are—
	(a) section 4(1), (2) and (3) of the Local Government Act 2000 (c. 22), and
	(b) section 19(2)(f), (2)(g) and (7) of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 (c. 5) (local development documents).
	(3) In section 4(5) of the Local Government Act 2000 (c. 22) (Wales) at end insert ", and as if for "sustainable community strategy" there were substituted "community strategy"."
	(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations amend any other enactment, whenever passed or made, to convert a reference to a "community strategy" to a reference to a "sustainable community strategy".
	(5) Regulations under subsection (3)—
	(a) may amend an enactment only in so far as the enactment applies in relation to England,
	(b) must be made by statutory instrument, and
	(c) are subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.'.— [Mr. Woolas.]
	 Brought up, and read the First time.

Phil Woolas: I beg to move, That the clause be read a Second time.

Mr. Deputy Speaker: With this it will be convenient to discuss the following Government amendments: No. 1, page 1, line 4, clause 1, leave out from 'Act' to end and insert
	'references to promoting the sustainability of local communities, in relation to a local authority, are references to'.
	No. 2, page 1, line 6, clause 1, leave out 'an area' and insert
	'the authority's area, or part of its area'.
	No. 13, page 3, line 12, clause 3, leave out 'or community'.
	No. 19, page 3, line 42, clause 3, leave out 'or community'.
	No. 38, page 6, line 1, clause 8, leave out subsection (3).

Phil Woolas: I am grateful to you, Mr. Deputy Speaker, as ever, for your chairmanship. This is an important private Member's Bill, and we have made good progress. I am also grateful to Members for their assistance in that regard.
	New clause 5 and the amendments tabled in my name combine to ensure that the Bill refers consistently to "local authorities" rather than to "principal councils". The motive for that is to replace the present interpretation of "local authority" with a new interpretation which reads:
	"Local authority means a county council in England, a district council, a London Borough council, the Common Council of the City of London, or the Council of the Isles of Scilly."
	That might seem dry and technical to hon. Members, and I shall move quickly on, but it is important that we get the definitions right. I do not think that I need to put any other definitions into  Hansard for the record.

Greg Knight: Before the Minister sits down, will he touch on his reasons for Government amendment No. 38? He said earlier that he wished to phase in the Bill alongside other legislation. Will he confirm that that is the only purpose of that amendment—that it is for administrative reasons and not because he is proposing any delay in implementing the Bill, should it be passed by the other place?

Phil Woolas: I can confirm that. Ministers in this situation normally read out their speaking notes, not the explanatory notes in their brief. I can confirm that both meet his objective. The notes state:
	"Amendment 38 deletes clause 8 subsection (3). The subsection stated that 'This Act shall come into force on the day on which it is passed'. The reason for deleting this subsection is that it is superfluous—under the Interpretation Act of 1978 the Act would come into force on the day it is passed without a specific requirement to do so."
	So the right hon. Gentleman's objective is therefore met.
	 Question put and agreed to.
	 Clause read a Second time, and added to the Bill.

Mr. Deputy Speaker: I must advise the House that, as the House has agreed to new clauses 1 to 4, the following remaining amendments fall: amendments Nos. 5 to 9, 11 to 20, 26 to 34 and 39. With the leave of the House, I will therefore put all the remaining amendments as a single question.
	 Remaining amendments agreed to.
	 Order for Third Reading read.

Nick Hurd: I beg to move, That the Bill be now read a Third time.
	I would like to place on the record my thanks to a few people. Taking a private Member's Bill through this place is an enormous privilege but, as the Minister has said, it is also a daunting task for a new Member, and I simply would not have been able to do it without the help of a number of people, starting with the Clerks in the Public Bill Office, who have shown extraordinary patience with me. I should also like to thank those hon. Members who served on the Committee, many of whom are here today, not least my sponsors, the hon. Members for Falmouth and Camborne (Julia Goldsworthy) and for Stroud (Mr. Drew), who have given me great support throughout the process.
	I should particularly like to place on the record my respect for and gratitude to the hon. Member for West Ham (Lyn Brown), who has educated me as to what a Parliamentary Private Secretary can achieve—I had always wondered—and set a benchmark for loyalty, tenacity and the power to persuade when one has no power to do so. I know that she has enjoyed the process. We would not be where we are without her support, and our friends at Local Works would also like to place on record their thanks to her.
	I certainly thank the Minister. He had to juggle a number of balls throughout this complicated process, but he always argued his case clearly and was open and extremely constructive. He was kind about my political prospects and I have no doubt that his star will continue to rise and that he will grace shadow Cabinets for many years to come.
	Last but not least, I am sure that my sponsors would want to join me in expressing thanks to Local Works, for which the Bill is the culmination of a four-year campaign. Without the group's tenacity and its success in building coalitions, which spanned organisations from the women's institute to the Campaign for Real Ale, to put pressure on the Government, I doubt that we should have reached this stage today.
	The Bill is an honest attempt to help communities address the social problems that arise from community decline and the loss of local services. To some degree, the debate today has been technical and wrapped in an envelope of questions about localism, governance and the devolution of power, but the Bill's starting point was the need to respond to the clear social problems of community decline, which is, as we realise, market-driven. However, we should not forget that loss of local services inspired the coalition, rather than questions about localism or how we govern ourselves. The starting point for the Bill was a desire for a policy response to the problems—that is the passion outside this place.
	One could say that if people want to support the high street they should just get their wallets out and walk down it, but we need a policy response from this place. That is the driver of the Bill. Part of that response must be central Government's responsibility to pull strategy together in a coherent framework—what we call a national action plan. The point of the Bill was not to be prescriptive but to create the mechanics to do something important—to make sure that the strategy was driven from the bottom up with the full engagement of the communities we represent. We have made considerable progress in achieving that aim.
	The main point of the Bill is to give communities real influence in shaping their future. The Bill gives greater transparency to the spending of public money in local areas, which is important, but we intend to pursue the real prize—to give people the opportunity to influence how that money is spent. We had a useful debate about new clause 6 and the Minister has given us assurances from which we can take comfort, so we will consider them.
	We have made real progress today. The Bill is more workable than the version we debated on 19 January, although we still need some clarification about money issues and new clause 6. The Bill is not an end; it is only the start—the first ratchet in a process that will empower people to be more engaged in building and sustaining their communities. We have started an irreversible process and I commend the Bill to the House.

Clive Efford: It was a pleasure to serve on the Committee and I congratulate the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd) and my hon. Friend the Member for Stroud (Mr. Drew), who have been pursuing the Bill for some time, supported by the hon. Member for Falmouth and Camborne (Julia Goldsworthy). They all deserve much congratulation.
	I join in the congratulation of my hon. Friend the Minister. Although the Bill was supported on both sides of the House, there were difficulties for him at times, especially when he looked behind him at some of the more independent-minded—and hirsute—Labour Members who had miraculously been selected to serve on the Committee, but he dealt with those situations with consummate skill. He was supported ably by my hon. Friend the Member for West Ham (Lyn Brown), his Parliamentary Private Secretary, who helped to overcome some of the difficulties faced during the passage of the Bill.
	The test of the Bill, as it will be for the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill, is whether it empowers those sections of the community that do not engage in our democratic processes and civic structures. We had long debates in Committee about the people who meet in front rooms in villages to try to influence what happens in their local community. The key is to ensure that all sections of the community are empowered and encouraged to engage. One of the ways to empower them is to provide information, which is key to their being able to make choices about how their local community should be improved. I am an inner-city Member of Parliament and the test will be whether we can engage with those sections of the community who do not have a great deal of influence over how decisions are made in their area. This Bill, and the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill, will be a step in the direction of empowering those people.
	I congratulate all those who have been involved in achieving the consensus. I wish the Bill every success.

Julia Goldsworthy: Many people need to be congratulated and commended on the work that they have done to make sure that the Bill has reached Third Reading. Without the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd), none of this would have been possible. Without his conduct of negotiations and perseverance, we would not have a Bill of such quality. He has navigated through a complicated and technical process with considerable skill, and I am not sure that I would have been able to do the same had it been my first private Member's Bill. I have learned a lot from the process and from him.
	All the Committee members are to be congratulated on their patience—if nothing else—given the number of abortive attempts to get the Bill through Committee. I hope that they feel, as I do, that it was worth it in the end. The Bill would not have reached this stage without the co-operation of the Minister and his Parliamentary Private Secretary, the hon. Member for West Ham (Lyn Brown). Many thanks go to them.
	Ron Bailey and Local Works have been the drivers behind the Bill for a number of years and they have ensured that we have stayed focused on the issues. As we have seen today, it is quite easy to disappear down rabbit-holes that relate to the Bill's broader implications. Ron and his colleagues at Local Works have made sure that we have remained narrowly focused on the issues.
	We must remember that the Bill's gestation has not just been the past five months—for the Minister, that is a short space of time—but the past five years. Sue Doughty, the former Member for Guildford, was responsible for first drawing the Bill to the attention of the House of Commons and for pushing it forward. Without her work at an early stage, I am sure that we would not be here today.
	If we sit back and reflect on what the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood said, it becomes clear that it is amazing that there is consensus for the Bill. It is radical and talks about turning the way in which government works upside down. Policy will be driven by local communities in a way that it never has been before and we will see accountability where there is currently none. The Bill will give power to the people to reverse the problems of ghost-town Britain. Every single Member will know of problems in their constituency that need to be resolved. Finally, there is a mechanism to meet the need for affordable housing and to help the towns in my constituency where there is an appetite, but not the mechanism, to deliver the solutions to the problems that have been identified.
	We now have a definition of what a sustainable community is and should be. The Government have done a lot of work on sustainable communities but without having that definition. We now have it, so how we can pursue our aims should become much clearer not only in the context of the Bill, but of wider legislation, regulations and guidance.
	It is important to remember that we are not here just because the Bill is radical. The principle behind it has massive popular support and there is a real drive to find solutions to the problems that we have discussed today. Hon. Members on both sides of the House who participated in public meetings were probably as surprised as me by the turnout at those meetings and the range of people who attended—they certainly were not the usual suspects. Although the hon. Member for Islington, North (Jeremy Corbyn) does not like me using that phrase, I think that everyone understands what I am trying to say. There is such an appetite because there is engagement, which we have not seen on local area agreements, and an understanding that the Bill will cast light on not only the workings of government, but the spending of both local and central Government.
	The Bill is also important because people are disillusioned. When people discuss parish plans, or work at a more local level, they are frustrated that even when there is a willingness to recognise problems, there is often a block because there is no mechanism to bring about the changes that are wanted. My constituency has seen how extreme such disillusionment can get because the Cornish National Liberation Army is threatening serious action against second home owners and, slightly bizarrely, celebrity chefs. However, there is a serious point because part of the drive behind such behaviour might be the feeling that there is no other way to voice such discontent.
	I thank everyone who has facilitated the progress of the Bill, and I am sure that it will be considered with a similar approach in another place. I look forward to its completing its passage.

David Drew: I congratulate the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd). In the years to come, I am sure that the Bill will be cited in politics textbooks as an example of how a new Member can change the law. He deserves every credit, as does the hon. Member for Falmouth and Camborne (Julia Goldsworthy), my co-sponsor. We have got to know each other rather well.
	I thank the Minister and his team. It was helpful that we were able to resolve problems in a friendly manner. Politics is about not only the cut and thrust of debate, but getting things done. A lot of work has gone on behind the scenes. While that seemed to take a long time, the proof of the pudding is in the eating, and we now have a good Bill.
	I thank the Minister's Parliamentary Private Secretary, my hon. Friend the Member for West Ham (Lyn Brown), who has been the meat in the sandwich on more than one occasion. I now understand what a PPS does. She is obviously going to go places; I told her yesterday that she had every prospect of real promotion. After dealing with us, the job of prisons Minister might be an easier role. She spent an awful lot of time trying to make the Bill happen.
	Like others, I pay tribute to the Local Works campaign. The campaign has come from without to within. We sometimes like to think of ourselves as the fount of all knowledge and those who create all the ideas, but the Bill has genuinely come from the grass roots. Local Works and the New Economics Foundation have pointed out why we need to get hold of ghost-town Britain. It is to their credit that they have worked towards the Bill for such a long time and I am immensely humbled to have been part of the process.

Gregory Barker: "Sustainable Communities" is not only the name of the Bill, but one of the great imperatives of British politics in 2007. As my hon. Friend the Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd) said, the Bill provides a framework for people who want to underpin and nurture sustainable communities. It also provides an encouraging signpost for people who might be disillusioned about whether we in Westminster are able to influence the things that they care about. More importantly, they wonder whether it is worth getting involved with their local community. The Bill is the answer to all those people who say, "Is it really worth my while? Should we bother?" because it will provide a reason and a vehicle for them to get involved and help shape their community.
	In my constituency, the Bill will be particularly welcomed by the traders and residents of Little Common, who are fighting inappropriate development and planning applications. They will be able to feel a sense of real ownership of the development of their local community, where they want to preserve village life. It will also be welcomed by the people who are fighting for the post office in Staple Cross and other post offices that are under threat across my constituency. The Bill will reinforce their belief and hope that they can have a real say.
	I am particularly pleased that the Bill will go through the House today because I was a co-sponsor of its previous incarnation in the last Parliament. The way in which its provisions have been taken forward by those directly concerned with the Bill before us is a great credit to Members of all parties—to the Minister, the Government and all the Opposition parties. We can all be very proud of the way in which the House of Commons has responded to the great enthusiasm and demand that there is for the Bill in the country, proud of the sensible way in which it was scrutinised in Committee and proud of the way in which Members have picked their way through a complex and at times vague piece of legislation. We have ended up with a Bill that is robust, that reflects public concerns and that will, I hope, address them. The whole process started with Local Works, which deserves huge credit for making the Bill a reality. I am very pleased to be associated with the Bill today.

Jeremy Corbyn: I was happy to be a member of the Committee on the Bill—

David Drew: It was because you have got a beard.

Jeremy Corbyn: I think that the main reason why I was chosen to sit on the Committee was because I have a beard. Speaking as someone who is not in any way a usual suspect—I am just a normal activist—I consider the Bill to be extremely welcome. I congratulate the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd) on getting it through the House. Perhaps he could inform the House why it is that new Members come up high in the private Member's Bill ballot and old lags like me never come anywhere in it. A Privy Council inquiry should be held into why bearded Members do not get high places in the private Member's Bill ballot.  [Laughter.] It is a serious point; there is evidence to prove it.
	I thank my hon. Friend the Member for Stroud (Mr. Drew) because he has done a fantastic job in supporting the Bill and has campaigned for many years on the issue of local sustainable communities. I also thank the hon. Member for Falmouth and Camborne (Julia Goldsworthy) for the work that she has done. It is a useful piece of legislation, and as my hon. Friend the Member for Stroud pointed out, the best legislation does not start in the unseen reaches of the civil service; it starts outside in campaigns to improve community life around the country, and that is where the Bill comes from.
	I think back to a public meeting that we held in support of the Bill three years ago in Archway in my constituency. I was invited to come and speak at it, and I thought, "A public meeting on sustainable communities—how many people will be there?" but 350 people turned up. That is absolutely amazing. It was not that they necessarily wanted to talk about the details of a Bill; they wanted to find out why they had so little power over the future of local shops, particularly those around Junction road, over the future of big planning decisions that would affect them, and over housing developments, given that we desperately need social housing.

Martin Linton: Does my hon. Friend agree that some of the strongest defenders of the village high street are the residents of villages in cities? The situation is similar in my constituency, where the community living around one of the nicest village high streets in London has been agitating partly in support of the Bill and partly in support of its high street. Those people look to the Bill to help them to revitalise their high street and to defend what they have, namely a high street that has all the shops that are required in a high street, including a post office.

Jeremy Corbyn: I thank my hon. Friend for that intervention. I strongly agree with his remarks. As a former chair of a borough planning committee in London, I look back to the days when there were considerable powers for local planning to decide what range of shops were to be available in a particular street. That is an important power, because if three or four key shops are lost, such as local grocers or bakers, gradually the whole place deteriorates because people cannot do all their shopping there. Such sustainability is important.
	Like my hon. Friend the Member for Eltham, I am proud to represent an inner-city community. Inner-city communities are very complicated. The Bill applies just as much to them as it does to rural areas. It is important to ensure that there is a good range of shops, that all the linguistic requirements of the local community are met and encouraged to be met, and above all that local shopping is inclusive and sustainable.
	Yesterday morning I had a good meeting with the new town centre manager who is dealing with the Finsbury Park area. I was discussing with her the importance of a Bill like this in improving her possibilities of ensuring that we maintain a sustainable local business community, a sustainable local community and improved local housing opportunities in order to enhance the whole area. As a former chair of a planning committee in Haringey and chair of area improvement committees, and having seen rehabilitation committees in operation, I think the Bill is a good step forward.
	Local communities are what it is about. A good local community, good local shopping, good local facilities, good transport and good housing bind communities together, cut crime, cut racism and increase understanding. That is what I see the Bill as having achieved. The work of Ron Bailey and others who have campaigned for that over many years ought to be recorded with thanks by all of us in the House today.

Philip Davies: Following your earlier comments, Mr. Deputy Speaker, I rise to congratulate briefly all those who have been involved in the Bill from the start to the point that we have now reached, particularly my hon. Friend the Member for Ruislip-Northwood. It is a tremendous achievement for him to have got his private Member's Bill so far, having been in the House for just two years. I entered Parliament at the same time as he did, and I would not get any Bill anywhere near this stage. The way my hon. Friend has conducted himself throughout the passage of the Bill shows that he has a bright future ahead of him in this place.
	I pay tribute also to the Minister for the constructive way in which he has engaged in the debate on the Bill and offered reassurance to those of us who raised our concerns. The Bill may not be perfect, but it is very good. I am delighted that we have not made the perfect the enemy of the very good. The Bill will give great hope and encouragement to people in my constituency and make them feel that they can make a real difference to the decision making that affects their lives and their local community. On their behalf I pass on my heartfelt thanks to everybody who has been involved, especially my hon. Friend.

Lynda Waltho: I add my congratulations both to the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd) and to the hon. Member for Falmouth and Camborne (Julia Goldsworthy) and my hon. Friend the Member for Stroud (Mr. Drew). The way in which the Bill has been dealt with shows Parliament working at its best across the parties and with the support of the vast majority of local community groups.
	The Bill will not necessarily allow people to solve the problem of global warming, but it will allow them to add their own local efforts and to make decisions that involve them and make a difference locally. That is extremely important. I have been assured that the Bill cannot be used as a nimby's charter. That was a possibility in the early stages, when there was less information available.
	Congratulations have been offered to my hon. Friend the Member for West Ham (Lyn Brown), who has elevated the role of PPS and shown us all what can be achieved. As a flatmate of hers, I can say that she has been working on the Bill 100 per cent. of her time, and the rest of us who share the flat are grateful that has got this far. I offer congratulations and thanks to all concerned.

Daniel Rogerson: As a member of the Committee, I want to add to the record my thanks to all those involved in the passage of the Bill. Whether they are bearded or unbearded, they have all made a great contribution, and we are delighted to have reached this point.
	As other hon. Members have said, the Bill comes from outside this place, despite the efforts of those hon. Members who have ably advanced the case for its introduction. That is a good example how the Bill will work—ideas will come from local communities about how best to solve problems. We have established that the problems will be different in each area, and it would be ludicrous to require a national Government solution to each of them and to expect the Government to legislate. All of us have local issues that we want to see resolved in our constituencies, and we could spend a very long time asking the Government, of whichever complexion, to get around to addressing them. The facility to enable local communities to come up with and effect solutions is a huge change.
	I want to highlight the issue of the proliferation of second homes in my constituency, which I raised in Committee. At that stage, the Minister felt that the Bill would offer us in Cornwall the opportunity to propose the solutions to deal with that problem and to maintain sustainable communities. I know that, for example, areas where studentification is taking place also feel that this is an opportunity for them to come up with local solutions. They want to welcome everybody, but they want to ensure that there is a balance in the community and that local services can be maintained.
	Ultimately, the Bill allows local communities to see where they are—that is akin to the parish plan process, which we have discussed—to analyse where public money is being spent and to come up with solutions, which may involve some changes to the provision of local functions in order to deliver plans to deal with their problems. The Bill is highly significant, and it has a great deal of support out in the country. It will be welcomed, and we have done a very good thing today in taking it forward. I look forward to seeing it emerge from another place, perhaps improved even further. It will allow us to show the country that we have listened and acted to create and sustain communities, which are so important to us.

Richard Younger-Ross: I add my congratulations to all those who have participated. I will not list them, except for the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd), who has done a stunning job in introducing the Bill.
	The hon. Gentleman mentioned that the Bill is just the beginning and that the process needs to go further. I hope that the Government will consider the point that the Bill is the start of a process.
	For 40 years, we have witnessed the strange death of rural Britain and of the British high street. The Bill is significant because it will enable the resurrection of those high streets and those communities. It is very important.

Oliver Letwin: I echo the many congratulations to my hon. Friend the Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd). As we noted in Committee, any Bill that brings me and the hon. Member for Islington, North (Jeremy Corbyn) to the same side of a debate is remarkable.  [ Interruption. ] Speaking as a Privy Councillor, I hope that Her Majesty will not commission a report on the question why bearded Members fail in the ballot.
	In thanking the Minister for his co-operation, I want to make one point. Although we took considerable comfort from his remarks about the transfer of functions, we want carefully to examine precisely what he said when we read  Hansard. We also want to investigate whether the intent of new clause 6(4)(b) is fully captured by his new clause 1(3). If not, I hope that we can hold discussions with either him or his successor as the Bill proceeds to another place, because it is, I hope, clear that we have a policy agreement about our objective in that all-important part of the Bill.

Phil Woolas: I will speak briefly because I am conscious of the presence of my hon. Friend the Member for Hendon (Mr. Dismore), who has silently overshadowed my considerations in the past few weeks. I am aware of his capacity for examining Bills in detail and I do not want to eat into his time.
	I have already congratulated and thanked people involved in the Bill and, like the right hon. Member for West Dorset (Mr. Letwin), I do not wish to spend too much time on repeating that. However, I particularly want to mention my hon. Friend the Member for West Ham (Lyn Brown). When my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State put this Bill into my in-tray, my inclination was to stitch together a deal. My hon. Friend has embroidered a deal and created a Bill that is workable, makes sense and meets the policy intentions of its sponsors.
	I am also grateful to the right hon. Member for West Dorset. It is significant that he is at the Dispatch Box, because he is responsible for policy development. As politicians, we are moving firmly into a world where localism is one of the key points in public debate. That has not always been the case but, as I said at the Local Government Association meeting, Ministers and shadow Ministers now line up to prove their localist agendas. My difficulty is to ensure that we move together in consensus, particularly with the LGA, while at the same time maintaining a political advantage over the right hon. Gentleman, which is very difficult because of his intelligence and articulacy.
	Before the Bill went into Committee, I did some research and read David Butler's excellent book, "Failure in British Government: The Politics of the Poll Tax". The hon. Member for Shipley (Philip Davies) said that things go disastrously wrong when there is consensus, but they can also go disastrously wrong when there is not consensus. The book gives an account of the celebratory party at the house of the then Local Government Minister, William Waldegrave, present at which was the young No. 10 policy adviser, a certain Mr. Oliver Letwin. I say that to tease him, but I acknowledge the thought that he has given to policy development in this area and the assistance that he has given to the hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood (Mr. Hurd).
	Let me finally thank one other one other person—my right hon. Friend the Deputy Prime Minister. He was the author of the policy idea—ridiculed when it was first proposed—of sustainability for our communities. That phrase was part of the departmental logo for many years. I know that we all wish him a speedy recovery.
	It is right that the Bill has had a long gestation period. I acknowledge the work of the hon. Member for Falmouth and Camborne (Julia Goldsworthy), and Sue Doughty before her, and of other Members, including my hon. Friend the Member for Stroud (Mr. Drew).
	In the past 40 years, three Members have passed private Members' Bills of significant substance through this House. The first was Sidney Silverman, whose Bill led to the abolition of capital punishment in this country, and the second was the right hon. David Steel, whose Bill led to this country's abortion laws. Many other Members have got private Members' Bills through—indeed, I got one through in 1997. It took me about 10 minutes because it was a handout Bill and nobody noticed it. The hon. Member for Ruislip-Northwood has had to spend months getting his Bill through.
	I genuinely believe that the Bill will change the relationships in British politics. I do not think that it will achieve everything that the promoter and sponsors claim for it, but it will change the relationships. Although it will not grab the headlines as much as Sidney Silverman's Bill or David Steel's, it will contribute enormously to British politics, and I am proud to be the Minister who helped it through Parliament.
	 Question put and agreed to.
	 Bill accordingly read the Third time, and passed.

Human Rights Act 1998 (Meaning of Public Authority) Bill

[Relevant document: Ninth Report from the Joint Committee on Human Rights of Session 2006-07, The Meaning  of Public Authority under the Human Rights Act, HC 410]
	 Order for Second Reading read.

Andrew Dismore: I beg to move, That the Bill be now read a Second time.
	The purpose of the Bill is to clarify "public authority" in section 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998 to ensure that, when the private sector carries out public functions—for example, in contracted-out care for the elderly—the Act will apply. Although the Joint Committee on Human Rights, which I chair, has not formally endorsed the Bill, many members of the Committee support it. It implements one of the key recommendations in our recent report on the meaning of "public authority" under the Human Rights Act.
	It has been immensely important that the Human Rights Act brought home the rights set out in the European convention. Before the Act came into force, British people had to go to Strasbourg to tackle breaches of their human rights. However, in one respect, the protection that the Act affords has been less comprehensive than Parliament intended. The problem has arisen because of the development of case law interpreting the meaning of "public authority" in the Act.
	Under section 6, it is unlawful for a public authority to act in way that is incompatible with a convention right. The Act does not provide a list of public authorities to which it applies. Instead, it states that a public authority includes
	"any person certain of whose functions are functions of a public nature".
	During the measure's passage, statements by the then Home Secretary and Lord Chancellor made it clear that privatised or contracted-out public services were intended to be brought within its scope.
	We were told that the public function definition emphasised the functions rather than the institutional status of the body performing them. For example, a private security company that ran a prison under contract with the Government would be deemed to perform a public function within the scope of the Act. However, when a private security company provides a service to another private company, the Act does not cover it.
	Since the Act came into force, a series of court cases have turned on whether a specific private company or organisation that provided services came within the ambit of the Act. The result has been to undermine and even overrule the comprehensive and wide interpretation of public authority that was originally intended.
	One specific case has left utter confusion about the matter. It is the 2002 case, which is commonly known as the Leonard Cheshire case. The local authority-funded residents of a care home run by the Leonard Cheshire Foundation, which is a private charity, wanted to challenge the decision to close the home and disperse the residents. They claimed that that broke their right to respect for their home under article 8 of the European convention. However, the Court of Appeal found that the managers of the care home were not a public authority under the definition in section 6. Residents could not, therefore, enforce their human rights against the care home, even though the council still had its obligations under article 8, regardless of its contract with Cheshire Homes.
	In 2004, after reviewing that judgment and other cases, which had turned on the definition of public authority, the Joint Committee on Human Rights concluded that the test being applied by the courts was "highly problematic". It resulted in many instances of an organisation
	"standing in the shoes of the State",
	but without responsibility under the Human Rights Act. That had led to a "serious gap" in the protection that the Act was intended to offer.

Greg Knight: Will the hon. Gentleman cover the scope of the Bill? Would it go beyond bringing care homes within the scope of the 1998 Act? I am thinking, for example, of circumstances in which a local authority contracts out a community bus service. Would the Bill bring that service within the scope of the Human Rights Act?

Andrew Dismore: That would depend on the basis on which the contracting out was done. If it was done as part of the local authority's public function, it would fall within the scope of the Human Rights Act, but not if it was done on any other basis. The position will become clearer as I continue.
	The gap is not simply a theoretical legal problem—we just had an example of that—but a problem with significant and immediate practical implications as many services previously delivered by public authorities become privatised or contracted out to private suppliers. The law has failed to adapt to that reality.
	The implications of this failure extend across the range of especially vulnerable people in society, including elderly people in private residential care or nursing homes, tenants in housing association properties, children outside the maintained education sector and looked-after children in receipt of children's services.
	In its 2004 report on the subject—I believe that the Under-Secretary of State for Justice, my hon. and learned Friend the Member for Redcar (Vera Baird), was instrumental in organising the inquiry as she was a member of the Committee at the time and endorsed its recommendations—the Joint Committee on Human Rights examined several possible solutions, including amending the Human Rights Act 1998 to make clear the responsibility of organisations in carrying out public functions to protect human rights, protecting human rights in terms of the contracts between public authorities and private providers of public services, backed by authoritative guidance on when an organisation was likely to be classed as a public authority for purposes of the Act, and the development of case law on the meaning of public authority.
	At that time, at such an early stage after implementation, the Committee took the view that amendment of the Act would be likely to create as many problems as it solved. Guidance on the formulation of contracts and best practice would be helpful, it argued, but could not provide a complete or enduring solution. It argued that the Government as a third party should intervene in the public interest in cases where a broader interpretation could be argued for. The Government accepted those recommendations at the time.
	Three years on from that report, a number of significant developments have taken place and, generally speaking, they have been none to the good. In November 2005, the Government published guidance to local authorities on contracting for services in the light of the Human Rights Act. That guidance was reviewed in our most recent report, published in March this year. We made a number of criticisms and recommendations, stressing that guidance alone could not solve the problem.
	The reality is that the method of using guidance has proved utterly unsatisfactory and negative in respect of dealing with the difficulties surrounding the use of contracts to secure better protection of human rights. It dissuaded procurement officers from taking a positive approach and no model process was recommended. We found that the guidance was badly written, difficult to follow and suffered from a lack of publicity. The guidance lacked accessibility and, being written in highly technical language, it was difficult to understand. It was hard to find, hard to follow and did not give any practical examples. There were no mechanisms in place to monitor the impact on procurement practice and local authorities were in general unaware of the guidance's existence and it had little effect or influence on their policy. Without the use of model or standard contract terms, that guidance was not going to develop a consistent approach to public service commissioning and to human rights.
	We felt that without significant joint efforts on the part of the then Department for Constitutional Affairs, now the Ministry of Justice, and the Department for Communities and Local Government, the guidance would continue to fail. We saw it simply as a stop-gap that could not ultimately protect human rights through the use of contractual terms. It could never be a substitute for the direct application of the Human Rights Act to service providers.
	Following the Leonard Cheshire judgment, the Government have intervened in cases before the courts to try to broaden the definition of public authority. The Government strategy in acting in this way has not so far been successful and risks making a complex area of law increasingly uncertain and difficult for people to understand.
	In the current the House of Lords case of the Crown (on the application of Johnson and others)  v. the London borough of Havering, the Government have argued that the meaning of "public authority" covers elderly and vulnerable people who are receiving care from a private provider on behalf of a public authority. The case concerned whether local authority care homes that were transferred to the private sector remained public authorities in respect of local authority-placed residents. The Government have been unsuccessful so far, but the appeal is being heard and we await the judgment of the House of Lords, which I understand is due to be handed down this Wednesday.
	The Joint Committee on Human Rights found that even if the issue were resolved in respect of the residential care sector, further complex litigation would be likely to arise in other areas. The Government could choose to intervene only in those sectors that it considers should attract public authority status and not others which Parliament had previously been led to believe would be subject to the application of the Act. We were concerned that whatever decision was reached in the House of Lords, it would be unlikely to lead to an enduring and effective solution to the interpretive problems associated with the meaning of public authority. Waiting for a solution to arise through the evolution of the law in this area by judicial interpretation might mean that uncertainties surrounding the Act's application would continue for many years, which we considered to be unacceptable.
	It therefore remains the case that there is an urgent need to ensure that our human rights law clearly protects vulnerable people. The British Institute of Human Rights, for example, has reported on the treatment of residents in residential care homes that clearly amounts to a breach of their human rights. Cases included the circumstances of home closures, notices to individuals to leave homes and inhuman and degrading treatment such as elderly residents being fed their breakfast while sitting on the commode. We in the Joint Committee on Human Rights are about to conclude our own inquiry into the treatment of the elderly in hospitals and care homes. We have received appalling evidence of woeful neglect, lack of dignity and respect and ignorance of the human rights of the elderly.
	The Under-Secretary of State for Health, my hon. Friend the Member for Bury, South (Mr. Lewis), who has responsibility for care services, has made it clear that he considers the present position to be an anomaly that must be addressed. Help the Aged, in its briefing for the Second Reading, has welcomed the proposals in my Bill. It says that 400,000 people are vulnerable to serious violations of their human rights without any recourse to legal remedies. Help the Aged points out that the present arrangements can force life-long couples apart and gives the example of a couple who have been married for 61 years who were placed in homes five miles apart because they had different needs. The wife had advancing dementia and the husband was physically disabled. It was agreed that an adapted taxi would be supplied five days a week for the husband to visit his wife, but the arrangement was stopped because of lack of resources. That is clearly a breach of their human rights, but it is not enforceable.
	Residents have no tenancy or residential rights in care homes and can be asked to leave at any time, and we heard evidence of that time and again in our recent inquiry. Of course, the most extreme example is elder abuse. Help the Aged reckoned that 500,000 older people are believed to be being abused at any one time in the UK. It claims that the loophole left by the Leonard Cheshire judgment has grave consequences for vulnerable older people, as approximately 90 per cent. of care homes and 60 per cent. of domiciliary care agencies are run by private or voluntary organisations. It views the Bill as a crucial opportunity to reconsider the meaning of public authority and it urges hon. Members to support it.
	When such poor treatment occurs in a private residential care home, it is not satisfactory for residents to have to rely on interpreting a contract between the local authority and the home's managers, a contract to which they are not a party and in relation to which they have had no say in its drafting or terms. They should be able to enforce their human rights directly.
	In a recent debate on the Government's "Human Rights: Common values, common sense" campaign, the Minister told the House that the Government recognised that the protection of human rights through a contract was a poor substitute for the direct application of the Act to functional public authorities, as intended by Parliament. We reiterate the conclusions to which the Minister signed up in the first report on the meaning of public authority. Human rights cannot be fully and effectively protected through the use of contractual terms and I hope that the Minister will support the Bill today.
	Last October, we asked the Lord Chancellor about the Government's position in an evidence session. In his Department's July 2006 review of the Human Rights Act 1998, he repeated the extraordinary proposition that a "widening" of the definition of public authority could have the effect of driving private providers out of the market. That is extraordinary, because it would not be a widening of the definition, but on all fours with what Lord Irvine of Lairg—the then Lord Chancellor—told Parliament was intended when the Bill was before it.
	Moreover, the appalling implication is that those in private sector care homes, who are probably more vulnerable to abuse than those in in-house facilities, are not to have a right to challenge that abuse in our courts, making them second-class citizens—in growing numbers, as local authorities continue to contract out. The contractors' commercial interests have been put before the decent treatment of the elderly and vulnerable.
	I would be grateful to know whether the Minister agrees with the Lord Chancellor's proposition, or whether her view is that the best way to deal with the issue is
	"to make sure that public and private bodies are treated the same way when they are providing a public service."
	Those are not my words, but the exact answer that I was given by the Prime Minister in February, when I questioned him on this point in the Liaison Committee. I hope that the Minister will be able to say that the Prime Minister is right and that the views expressed by the Lord Chancellor were not an accurate representation of Government policy, at least as it now stands.
	The JCHR concluded in its recent report that amending the Act would be the last resort, but it went on to say that
	"in light of the pressing need for a solution...there is a strong case for a separate, supplementary and interpretative statute"
	to clarify the definition of public authority in the Act. The Bill gives effect to that recommendation.
	The JCHR raised the possibility of legislation to make it clear that any person or body providing goods, services or facilities to the public pursuant to contract with a public authority is a public authority for the specific purposes of the Act. The purpose of my Bill is to reinstate unambiguously the wide and functional interpretation of public authority that was understood by Parliament and Government alike to be the meaning of section 6 when the Act was passed. The intention behind my Bill is to ensure that human rights protections will apply comprehensively, directly and consistently to all those who receive public services from private providers, including the most vulnerable members of our society, such as the elderly in care homes, as I have mentioned.
	The Government say that they are consulting on this issue, but I hope that any consultation will be on the format and text of legislation only, as the JCHR has recommended. The Minister may say that she wants to wait until the Law Lords deliver their forthcoming judgments in the Johnson case—which, of course, is in only five days' time.
	I understand that the Attorney-General has concerns about my Bill's wording, but if given a Second Reading, it will provide a swift way of dealing with this problem, in the event that the Government's intervention with the Law Lords is not successful—a question to which we will know the answer very soon, one way or the other. If the Law Lords do not resolve the issue with clarity, we can put right the wording in Committee and take account of a short period of consultation. There will be ample time to do that, to have a Committee stage and to bring the Bill back to the House in October.
	Time is of the essence for people in care homes and other facilities who ought to benefit from the full protection of the Human Rights Act, but who are currently denied it. I urge the House to support the Bill for these reasons. I urge my hon. and learned Friend not to talk it out, but to remember what her own position was on this vital issue when she was a member of the JCHR. I hope that she still stands by that position, and that she will therefore allow the Bill to proceed.

Simon Burns: May I say, Mr. Deputy Speaker, what a surprising pleasure it is for me, after two years of Trappist vows of silence preventing me from speaking at the Dispatch Box, to be doing so this afternoon? It is a particular pleasure because I was for a time the Minister with responsibility for care for the elderly, and for four and a half years in opposition I was, until two years ago, the shadow Minister with such responsibility. Therefore, this is an area in which I have some interest—not from a lawyer's point of view but from that of the clients and users, particularly those in care homes.
	This debate is very timely because it is of course world elder abuse awareness day. It comes a day after the publication of a report by King's College London and the National Centre for Social Research, funded by Comic Relief and the Department of Health, that highlights that more than 700,000 elderly people are abused in their own homes or in privately run nursing homes. The issue of care for the elderly in society is one of increasing importance, and this Bill has the potential to address a serious associated issue. As many Members have said over the years—that makes the point no less important—it is crucial that those who are more often than not the most frail members of our society have the proper protections and the dignity and quality of life that they deserve. We, as a civilised society, have a duty to ensure that they are protected and are given that quality of life.
	Currently, the Human Rights Act 1998 covers only public authorities and those performing public functions. The Bill, as I understand it, seeks to clarify the meaning of "public authority" as defined in section 6 of the Act. The Bill aims to insert a clause which would ensure that
	"a function of a public nature includes a function performed pursuant to a contract or other arrangement with a public authority which is under a duty to perform that function."
	In plain man's language, that means that the Act would then cover state-funded but privately run care homes, as well as state-funded, state-run ones. It would not impact on privately funded homes.
	My party supports in principle giving the Bill a Second Reading. We support the principle that services provided on behalf of local authorities by the private sector, using taxpayers' money, should face the same level of scrutiny as any public provider would. In addition, we welcome the report, published in March, by the Joint Committee on Human Rights entitled "The meaning of Public Authority under the Human Rights Act", which provided many of the key recommendations in support of this Bill. However, there are a number of issues that we would like to discuss in Committee, should the Bill proceed, and which I will touch on shortly.
	Section 6(3)(b) of the Human Rights Act states that a "public authority" includes
	"(a) a court or tribunal, and
	(b) any person certain of whose functions are functions of a public nature".
	Section 6 makes it unlawful for a public authority to act in a way that is
	"incompatible with a Convention right."
	It does not provide a list of public authorities to which the Act is applicable, but it has been argued that, because privately run care homes are subcontracted to provide local authority services, they should be included in the definition. On introducing the Bill for its First Reading, the hon. Member for Hendon (Mr. Dismore) argued that the amendment to section 6 would not widen the definition of what constitutes a public authority, but rather
	"be exactly on 'all fours' with what the then Lord Chancellor told Parliament was intended"—[ Official Report, 9 January 2007; Vol. 455, c. 152.]
	when the Human Rights Bill was introduced in 1998.
	This Bill does not seek to identify individual types of categories of public authority in line with the recommendations of the Joint Committee on Human Rights. The hon. Gentleman perhaps made a valid point when he said that the current situation has led to private care home residents being "second-class citizens" in certain circumstances given that they have to rely on interpreting a contract between a local authority and a care home manager to try to enforce their human rights.
	There are many strong arguments in support of the Bill. A key issue is that of care home closures, which the hon. Gentleman briefly mentioned. Under regulation 40 of the Care Home Regulations 2001, state run and privately run care homes have to give reasonable notice of their intention to close, although no specific time period is mentioned and reasonable notice can mean different things to different people in different circumstances.
	The Bill would ensure that in future private care homes would not be able to close without ensuring continuation of care for their residents. That would be an important safeguard, welcomed by the Conservatives and, I trust, by other parties as well. It would also be welcomed by many charities, such as Age Concern, which has repeatedly expressed its dismay that private care homes can evict residents with no notice and can decide to close as a business without taking into consideration the needs of the residents for whom that institution is their home. All too often, that gets blurred in the debate, but care homes are the homes of those individuals who are resident there. We cannot and must not forget that.
	High-profile court cases have highlighted the need for the situation to be clarified. The 2002 case of R. (others)  v. the Leonard Cheshire Foundation—commonly known as the Leonard Cheshire case—made the news when the judge, and latterly the Court of Appeal, ruled that the foundation could not be deemed to be a public authority within the meaning of section 6 of the Human Rights Act and that it therefore had the right to cease operations, meaning that residents had to be relocated in community-based units. A subsequent and very similar case of the Crown (on the application of Johnson and others,  v. the London borough of Havering came to the same conclusion. However, the Court of Appeal expressed disquiet with the view that a privately run care home was not subject to the Human Rights Act and that the issue of care home closure was having to be decided on a case-by-case basis. That would suggest that there is a clear argument that the situation needs the clarification that the Bill would enable.
	However, should the Bill proceed further, some issues will need to be given more consideration than today will allow. It is understandable that independent care home providers are concerned by the Bill's implications. The English Community Care Association outlined many of its concerns about the proposal when it submitted evidence to the Joint Committee while it was forming its report, which was published in March. Some of the concerns included the widespread lack of understanding about the Human Rights Act itself and that an extension of it would not give residents and their families any more confidence in the care system. In addition, concerns have been raised by care providers, as well as others such as the Lord Chancellor, that the Bill could drive private providers out of the market. No detailed analysis has been conducted. That will need to be undertaken if the Bill is to progress further, as will a full regulatory impact assessment.
	All Members rightly believe that more must be done to provide support, protection and rights to those living in care homes or being provided with care, because they are reliant on us for those protections. However, we must not take a broad-brush approach and tar everyone. The vast majority of those who provide care for our elderly citizens—our parents or siblings, perhaps—are genuine and concerned people who give the best care they can by providing the finest quality of life and environment for the people who have made their care homes their homes.

Greg Knight: I am grateful to my hon. Friend for making those comments and putting them on the record, because I would hate the report of this debate to give the impression that all privately owned care homes treat their residents unfairly. Is it not the case that privately run care homes are subject to the same inspection regime as those in the public sector?

Simon Burns: My right hon. Friend is right. Private care homes are treated in exactly the same way as local authority homes. Ironically, the inspection regime was always applicable to private homes, but until recently, under legislation introduced in the past eight years, it was not applicable in the same way to local authority-run homes. There is now fairness in that respect.
	My right hon. Friend is right to remind the House that we must not take discussions of proposed legislation such as this Bill as an opportunity to attack private care homes. I know from personal experience as both a Minister and a shadow Minister that the majority of care homes in our country do a fantastic job in providing care and a genuine home environment for some of the most frail and vulnerable members of society. Among those who work in them—as among those who work in all other such walks of life—there is always a small minority that brings shame on the services they provide, but all too often the attention is focused on them and the fantastic work of good care home owners and their staff is forgotten.
	The issue of abuse in care homes needs to be addressed, as was highlighted by yesterday's significant report, but that must not be used as a stick to beat this dedicated group of people who provide much genuine care for our elderly population. We must be careful not to overestimate the potential impact of the Bill, given that private and state-run care homes have an identical level of inspection through the Commission for Social Care Inspection. We must not vilify private care home providers, the vast majority of whom provide excellent and considered care for their residents.
	I broadly welcome the Bill, although some aspects of it will need to be carefully examined in Committee.

Vera Baird: I welcome the contribution by the hon. Member for West Chelmsford (Mr. Burns), who has a good deal of experience to contribute to the debate. I also congratulate my hon. Friend the Member for Hendon (Mr. Dismore) not only on bringing in the Bill, but on his rigorous and resolute work on human rights generally through his role as Chair of the Joint Committee on Human Rights.
	One of the Government's first acts when they came into office was to introduce the Human Rights Bill, and since the Act came into force in 2000 people in the UK have been able to enforce their rights and claim their remedies in British courts in front of British judges, which has greatly reduced the need to go to Strasbourg. Alleged breaches of rights can be tested more quickly and more easily, and there has also been a significant impact on policy development.
	The Bill highlights an important issue that has arisen as a result of the courts' narrow interpretation of part of the Human Rights Act 1998. During the passage of the Human Rights Bill, the Government intended that public functions in section 6 should be interpreted widely, to give effective protection to individuals whose rights had been breached. Organisations that are not covered by section 6 are not obliged to act compatibly with the convention rights.
	The then Home Secretary, my right hon. Friend the Member for Blackburn (Mr. Straw), made it clear that the definition of "public authority" had to take
	"account of the fact that, over the past 20 years, an increasingly large number of private bodies such as companies or charities have come to exercise public functions that were previously exercised by public authorities."—[ Official Report, 16 February 1998; Vol. 306, c. 773.]
	However, as a consequence principally of the Leonard Cheshire case to which both the previous speakers have alluded, things have not worked out in that way at all.
	As a result of that case law, private companies that deliver the functions of a public authority under contract are not always obliged to respect the convention rights. This particularly includes situations in which private care providers act on behalf of local authorities. It has been made clear that care standards apply to private and public bodies, and that public authorities are under an obligation under the Human Rights Act—as they are undoubtedly public bodies—to take appropriate steps to ensure that those in care are safe. However, following the Leonard Cheshire case, those who are resident in private care homes provided on behalf of a local authority only have remedies against the local authority and not against the care home directly.
	The Government believe that the approach taken to section 6 by the courts in this case has been too narrow, and we are committed to seeking clarification of the meaning of "public authority". If what we hope happens in the House of Lords on Wednesday does not happen, we shall have to tackle the issue in another way. It is our intention to fill this gap. We have followed the advice of the predecessor Committee to the Joint Committee on Human Rights, on which I was serving when it produced a report in 2003—largely instigated by me—on this gap. It was our conclusion—and it was good advice, although I would say that, I suppose—that we should pursue this issue through litigation. That seems to have been the right way forward.
	All we can do is try to intervene in a good case when a good case comes up. We cannot invent a good case, and we cannot make an academic application to the UK courts to ask the court to determine academically what is a public authority and what is not. As cases of this kind do not come up every day, we have had to wait for one. We have now intervened, although not very successfully the first time round. We are also working our way through the precedent system, which means that we have to get to a court above the one that has found the opposite way in the Leonard Cheshire case. This strategy may well have been effective, in that, on Wednesday, we shall have a judgment one way or another on the meaning of "public authority". It follows from what I have already said that we hope that that judgment will reinstate the essentially functional definition of a public authority, which the then Home Secretary set out and Lord Chancellor set out in the House of Lords. I have already quoted the Home Secretary on the matter.
	It is clear even from our brief debate today that this is not a straightforward issue. We need to ensure that we get the right result. We do not think we should hurry the process with a one-line, one-clause Bill. I do not think that I am submitting my hon. Friend the Member for Hendon to criticism that he would not accept when I say that even he would agree that the Bill is not perfectly drafted.
	We would not be happy to continue with a one-clause Bill, trying to amend it on the hoof, when the House of Lords judgment will be given next Wednesday. I say that for the following reasons. The Human Rights Act is a hugely important piece of legislation and it is clear, not least from the contribution of the hon. Member for West Chelmsford, that the rights of many vulnerable people hang on getting a correct definition. That the issue is not simple is made evident by the various interpretations in the courts. Best of all would be that the House of Lords overturns Leonard Cheshire, but if it does not we shall have to take a further element into account: whatever statutory provision is drafted it will again be interpreted by the courts, and if they are bent on a narrowing of the definition we shall have to draft any legislative intervention accordingly. It will be incumbent on us to take note of the strands of reasoning that their lordships put together in coming to their conclusion, either way, so that we follow their thinking and ensure that we drive forward a definition of "public authority" to ensure that the vulnerable people to whom Members have alluded have the care that everybody wants for them.

David Howarth: I still do not understand why the Minister cannot allow the Bill a Second Reading so that all those issues can be considered in Committee, on Report and in the other place. Allowing the Bill to go ahead will give it a flying start.

Vera Baird: The timetable is unrealistic. If the judgment next week goes the way that we want, we shall consider it and ascertain whether it fills the gap as completely as we want. If not, we shall consider where we go from there. If the case goes against the thrust of our intervention, we want to look at the reasoning behind the failure to follow our intervention and, after consultation, we shall draft a document that helps to frame the right legislation.
	I shall exemplify the problems and complexities. In the more recent inquiry into the issue carried out by the Human Rights Committee, Age Concern mooted that one way forward would be to amend the Care Standards Act 2000 to deem care providers to be performing a public function, whether or not they are private. The Committee itself thought that piece-by-piece change would lead to inconsistency in the application of the Human Rights Act across the board.
	Liberty advocated changing the Police and Justice Act 2006 in the interim before the courts could reach a better interpretation. The Committee considered whether to specify in each piece of legislation that public authorities were deemed to be those who undertook delegated or contracted-out functions of various kinds as specified in each measure—a complex way of trying to meet through schedules to Acts every mischief that has occurred in every aspect of services where the fact that the private sector was not a public authority caused difficulty.
	So many potential solutions to the problem from so many sources, added to a body of judicial opinion that has yet to emerge, cannot be tacked on to a one-clause Bill and sent to Committee. We are committed to taking action this year and I hope that my hon. Friend the Member for Hendon will take comfort from the fact that we will work hard to ensure that the necessary consultation is undertaken with appropriate dispatch. The Government are well aware that vulnerable people who need the protections of the Human Rights Act are not receiving them. We hope that their lordships agree and follow—
	 It being half-past Two o'clock, the debate stood adjourned.
	 Debate to be resumed on Friday 29 June.

Remaining Private Members' Bills

LAND USE (GARDENS PROTECTION ETC) BILL

Order read for resuming adjourned debate on Second Reading [2 February].

Hon. Members: Object.
	 To be read a Second time on Friday 19 October.

PROVISION OF PALLIATIVE CARE BILL

Order for Second Reading read.

Hon. Members: Object.
	 To be read a Second time on Friday 19 October.

RETAIL PACKAGING RECYCLING BILL

Order for Second Reading read.

Hon. Members: Object.
	 To be read a Second time on Friday 29 June.

DISABLED PERSONS (INDEPENDENT LIVING) BILL  [LORDS]

Order for Second Reading read.

Hon. Members: Object.
	 To be read a Second time on Friday 19 October.

MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT (EMPLOYMENT DISQUALIFICATION) BILL

Order for Second Reading read.

Hon. Members: Object.
	 To be read a Second time on Friday 19 October.

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION (AMENDMENT) (NO. 2) BILL

Order for Second Reading read.

Hon. Members: Object.
	 To be read a Second time on Friday 29 June.

LOCAL TRADING

Motion made, and Question proposed, That this House do now adjourn. —[Tony Cunningham.]

Charles Walker: Thank you, Mr. Deputy Speaker, for calling me to speak in this debate. By happy coincidence, it follows the debate on the Sustainable Communities Bill. Mr. Speaker's hand certainly moves in a mysterious way when it comes to the ballot.
	I shall start with items under the heading "Boring But Important" to set the tone for the debate. UK retail sales average about £246 billion a year, which is more than the combined economies of Switzerland and Ireland; it is therefore a considerable sum of money. Just as important, the UK retail sector employs more than 10 per cent. of the working population, or some 3.1 million people, and half of the UK's approximately 280,000 retailers are managed by sole traders—men and women who add to the wealth of this country.
	Like most people in the Chamber, I believe that our high streets should be at the heart of our community and a focus of civic pride. They are not just a place to shop and to spend money, but a place to socialise and to spend time with our friends and family—and, I dare say, with our Member of Parliament. Vibrant high streets support vibrant local services. If we have popular high streets, we will have good bus links, schools and sub-post offices, and we will arrest the spiral of decline that we often see in high streets where local services leave to be replaced by charity shops—albeit that they do a good job—and takeaways.
	There are obvious environmental advantages to having vibrant local shops and communities. Perhaps the most important advantage is that people do not have to travel miles in their car to go shopping. Local shops are an environmentally sound thing to have. I have nothing against out-of-town shopping centres, but I believe that local shopping centres also have a great deal to offer. At a time when we are worried about carbon emissions and our carbon footprint, that point should be taken into consideration in legislation and strategies.
	I believe that a good high street contains a rich and diverse range of retail offerings including specialist shops, cafés and restaurants. We should try to have unique retail experiences. I hazard a guess that the people of Broxbourne do not want the same retail experiences as the people of Bath and of Burnley, and I am sure that the same is true in the other direction. We must try to guard against our high streets being dominated by national chains and takeaways. That does not encourage a café society or attract people to the town centre to spend quality time with their families and friends.
	One of the key things that can be done to make a good high street is to improve ease of access, which is something on which supermarkets and out-of-town retailers have an advantage over retailers on the high street. Most supermarkets in my constituency have vast car parks that allow people to park almost at the front door. However, in too many of our town centres, motorists are prosecuted and persecuted. Yellow lines, double yellow lines, red lines and double red lines have a negative impact on footfall and restrict people's ability to use their town centres.
	I shall cite two vibrant town centres, although neither is in my constituency: Marlborough in Wiltshire, and Hungerford, which I believe is in Berkshire. Cars can be parked right down the spine of those centres, so people can park in the town centre before using the shops. Both those towns have diverse retail offerings. Although pedestrianisation is popular at the moment, it can create a barrier to people's use of town centres and local shops. Hoddesdon, which is a town in my constituency, allows parking around the town centre, but that does not seem to attract people to it. Its town centre, which is fully pedestrianised, can lack a sense of vibrancy and buzz and feel like a slightly desolate place. I know that policy planning guidance note 6 is not part of the Minister's remit, but let me express the hope that that planning tool can be used for positive change in our towns. It is too often seen as a tool for controlling development, rather than a force for change.
	The need to support local traders and to shop locally will be met if we make our high streets more accessible and welcoming to shoppers. However, I do not want this speech to become an attack on supermarkets. Tesco's headquarters is in Cheshunt in my constituency, and the company employs many hundreds, if not thousands, of my constituents. Like most of my constituents, my wife and I use our local Tesco. We spend a large part of our weekly budget there, and my constituents and I compete over carrots, cakes and bread. In many communities, especially in the north, supermarkets that go into town centres become a powerful factor to encourage regeneration. If footfall in a town centre is increased because people go to a large supermarket, many surrounding retailers will benefit, although that is not always the case.
	It is just possible that when it comes to supermarkets, some places have too much of a good thing. The Harvester pub was recently sold off in Cuffley, which is a village in my constituency. Tesco believes that that will be an attractive site on which to put one of its Tesco Express stores. Residents and existing store owners in Cuffley are a little nervous about the arrival of that store, especially, they argue, because there are already 10 Tesco stores in a 5-mile radius of the village. The figures that those people have produced, which I have no reason to dispute, suggest that in the EN postcode in which Cuffley is located, Tesco accounts for 50 per cent. of all grocery sales.
	When I meet local shopkeepers in my constituency and residents of Cuffley, they urge me to press for local planning law to take their concerns into account. As things stand, if the application to site a store at the former Harvester pub meets planning law requirements, there is nothing that the local council, Welwyn Hatfield borough council, can do to refuse it. I found it heartening to sit through the debate on the Sustainable Communities Bill because the Bill will allow the views of local residents to be taken into account when planning decisions are made.
	I said that I did not want to dwell on the issue of supermarkets, but I hope that the Minister will indulge me for a minute. A matter of particular concern is bookshops, especially independent bookshops. I am sure that the Minister does not have time to read  London Lite, a free paper that is handed out on the tubes and trains, but in yesterday's paper it was suggested that there will be a price war for Harry Potter books and that people will be able to buy them for between £8.87 and £8.99 from many of the larger supermarkets. That is exactly £9 below the recommended retail price. I am particularly concerned that small local bookshops cannot access the book at anything near that price.
	What happens is that small local bookshops survive off the back of, say, four blockbusters a year. That, in a sense, subsidises the specialist books that they stock. When supermarkets access books at a price that is completely beyond the reach of small book retailers, it puts the small retailers at a significant competitive disadvantage. That may push, and has pushed, many into liquidation. I hope that the Minister will take that concern on board when considering competition issues.
	Although I am a great fan of independent shops and retailers, I recognise that they have no automatic right to exist. Supermarkets undoubtedly make life difficult for independents, but that is no excuse for just shutting up shop. Independent retailers need to go head-to-head with supermarkets in different ways. They need to offer their customers a quality shopping experience. They need to have committed and trained staff on hand to ensure that people who use local shops come back to them. One great advantage that local retailers have over supermarkets is that they have customer interaction—the Americans call it "face time." Good local shops do not need loyalty cards or store cards to tell them what their customers are doing and to have a relationship with them, because they meet their customers daily. As a former marketeer, I am not convinced that small retailers are making enough of that contact to defend their position within communities.
	Small retailers need to diversify their offerings. I spoke a moment ago about some of the problems faced by independent book retailers. An excellent shop in Hoddesdon called books@hoddesdon has branched out. Every month it invites an author to visit, and such visitors have included Jeremy Paxman, who came a few months ago, and Alan Titchmarsh. The shop rents out the civic hall and sells tickets—sometimes thousands of them—to people who want to meet and listen to the authors. Of course, the authors are delighted to turn up because they sell thousands of signed copies of their books.
	In many communities, there are good local butchers. They always struggle to compete against the supermarkets, but although I have lived in my constituency for two and a half years, I cannot ever recall receiving a card or a letter from a local butcher saying, "We're in the area and we have fantastic meats. Give us a call or come down and try some of our meat. Alternatively we will come and deliver it to you—yes, at a premium price, but it is of a quality that demands a premium price."
	A number of small pharmacists who are struggling to compete against supermarkets are examining ways of upgrading their offering. Some now have secure prescription delivery services. A number of them are building secure websites that allow people to order prescriptions remotely. Those are ways in which small retailers can secure their position in their communities, but I accept that even very good shops will occasionally fail. That is a great sadness, but it is the nature of the free market.
	We as consumers must take personal responsibility for defending and supporting our local shops. Ultimately, it is we who decide their success or failure. We often hear about rural communities losing their shops because the people buying up second homes are addicted to supermarkets. However, those are the people who whinge the loudest when the local shops close down. If they used the local shops—if they developed the discipline to use the local shops—the very things that make village life so attractive would remain in those villages.
	I, as a middle or perhaps even higher income earner, belong to one of the groups that get most agitated when things change. I am a reactionary, always manning the barricades against change. But because I am a higher income earner, I have higher rates of discretionary spend. If I want to defend my local shops in Cuffley if Tesco Express comes there, it is incumbent on me and Mrs. Walker to make sure that we set aside part of our family budget each week to spend in local shops. Signing petitions and manning the barricades is all very well, but too often people think that if they do that, they have done their bit. They have not. It is a long process. If we want to maintain vibrant high streets and vibrant local community shops everybody—Charles Walker and Mrs. Walker and all our neighbours—must get out there and spend some of their money in local shops with the people whom they claim to love and respect so much.

Malcolm Wicks: I thank the hon. Member for Broxbourne (Mr. Walker) for introducing this important debate in an informative, authoritative and lively manner, the basic message being that his family does not just talk the talk, but walks the walk when it comes to local traders. We had noticed, as he said, that his constituency contains the headquarters of Tesco. I was wondering beforehand, although he has given us great insight into his shopping experiences, how he makes that difficult, brave but bold judgment—the tea from Tesco, the extra virgin oil from the local shop, and the books, whatever their price, from the local book trader. I found that entertaining.
	Any suggestion that I do not use  London Lite is inaccurate—I do, although I find that the London  Standard soaks up the vinegar more efficiently.
	The Government recognise the importance of small and independent shops to the community and the sense of place that they create. All of us are trying to get the balance right between the need for vibrant town and village centres, and the popularity of the large supermarkets. Local stores are essential to sustainable communities. We are aware of the concerns about the future of the independent retailer, and there has been a great deal of publicity about the dominance of large retailers, such as Tesco and Sainsbury's, and their relationship with their suppliers.
	Let me assure the hon. Gentleman that the Government are committed to promoting the vitality and viability of town and village centres, and we will be sticking to our town-centre-first policy, while providing choice, competition and innovation. In doing so, however, we must not polarise the debate—the hon. Gentleman has been at pains to say the same thing—along the lines "big brands and supermarkets are bad" and "independent and small retailers are good". Local areas can exploit links between brand retail and small independents, creating win-win outcomes for areas that are currently poorly served in terms of choice and affordability of shopping.
	Government policy for town centres seeks to support an efficient, competitive and innovative trading sector, which will enhance consumer choice and meet the needs of the entire community, not least those communities where there are many people who are among the elderly.
	Following the publication of Kate Barker's review of land use planning and the planning White Paper, there has been a lot of publicity and concern about whether the needs test for new retail development is moving us away from the town-centre-first policy. That is not the case. I repeat that we remain absolutely committed to promoting viable town centres. The planning system has a real role in supporting thriving high streets, where small shops can succeed and provide real choice for consumers. Independent retailers add greatly to the character and vibrancy of our high streets, as the hon. Gentleman has forcefully pointed out.
	We must ensure that we continue to have tough tests for new development that help us to protect and enhance our town and city centres as the bustling hearts of every community. We will require better assessment of how new developments will affect town centres, including the impact on high streets and local shops. We want to work with the industry and stakeholders to develop the best and most robust methodology for assessing the impact of new development proposals on our town centres. The Department for Communities and Local Government will consult on proposals over the summer.
	Clearly though, local authorities will need to take account of regeneration, economic growth, employment and social inclusion when preparing their plans and determining applications. Those factors can be given significant weight in deciding whether to give planning permission for development. We will also need to consider how the planning system can best address competition and consumer choice issues.
	Of course, the planning system is only one part of the story in encouraging local regeneration. Local traders can use innovative ways to increase their trade and catalyse local renaissance. I sympathise with the hon. Gentleman's argument that it is puzzling that local retailers do not do more to publicise the importance of their shops. Budgens is a symbol group of shops, where the shops themselves are independently owned. Budgens proprietors actively encourage the shop owners to innovate in their use of space and product lines and in the services that they offer to customers in order to safeguard or expand their share of the local market.
	Retail innovation is also being looked at more generally through the Government's retail innovation group and its sub-groups, on which small retailers are represented. Through the group, innovation and technology is being explored as a way of harnessing improved productivity in the sector. Work includes gathering and disseminating case studies on how retailers have used innovation to trade advantage.
	We have also introduced measures to benefit local shops through a new stronger code of practice making leasing shops and offices more user-friendly for small businesses. The new code will mean that small businesses get a step-by-step occupier's guide to contract negotiations, which will help tenants to avoid the pitfalls of bad contracts.
	The Government's local enterprise growth initiative benefits local traders, too. It assists enterprise growth and improved business support, particularly in deprived areas and communities. As part of this, it can support activity to boost the viability and impact of small independent retailers. For example, in County Durham specialist retail advice is being provided to help local traders around a street market to build their businesses. Local authorities too have measures that they can use to encourage local shops. For instance, the business improvement districts initiative provides a mechanism for local authorities and local businesses to engage in additional services or projects to improve their town centres, all of which will benefit local traders.
	Of course, many local traders are, almost by definition, small businesses, which are a vital element of the economy. Indeed, productivity growth in small and medium-sized retail businesses has outstripped that in large businesses. Moreover, small retailers with 10 to 49 employees have had such high levels of productivity growth that their gross value added per worker is now 14 per cent. higher than that of large retail businesses. I must admit that I was surprised when I read that figure, and I was rather encouraged by it, as the hon. Gentleman will be. Because of their importance to the economy, the Government have undertaken a range of initiatives to encourage the development and growth of small businesses, and small retailers can benefit from all those initiatives.
	Let me say something about regulation. The Government are placing importance on creating the right environment for small businesses. Better regulation is key. While I recognise that regulation continues to be a topic of real interest amongst the SME community—rightly so—we should not lose sight of our success in this area. I am pleased to say that the proportion of SMEs citing regulation as the main barrier to success has fallen from 21 per cent. in 2002 to 14 per cent. in 2005, but we need to work harder on that agenda. Despite that excellent achievement, we remain committed to further reform to minimise regulatory burdens.
	The Government are committed to "think small first" in developing new policies for business, and we have a clear plan to drive this programme forward. For example, we have made it clear that better regulation is an absolute priority. We have been the first Government to measure and quantify the administrative burden of regulation on business. We have published the results and committed to seek a 25 per cent. reduction by 2010. No other Government have done that. We have also ensured that there are just two annual commencement dates for new legislation to make it easier for businesses to keep track of incoming regulation. We are working closely with the Better Regulation Executive on the simplification agenda. With the introduction of the local better regulation offices, and through our work on the retail enforcement pilot, we are working to reduce the burden of inspection and compliance on small retailers.
	Our achievements in strengthening SMEs and entrepreneurial activity are not just down to the regulatory environment: promotion of entrepreneurship is also critical. I will cite just a few examples of what the Government are doing. Driven forward by the Small Business Service, the improvements in the delivery of services under the Business Link brand continue to bear fruit following the transition from national to regional management. Our ongoing work to simplify the range of publicly funded business support schemes from 3,000—I must admit that that is a great deal—to 100 is making them easier to access, reducing confusion for business customers, making them more efficient to administer, thereby saving taxpayers' money, and ensuring that they have a measurable impact on business and on the economy.
	In welcoming the hon. Gentleman's debate, let me say that through the measures that I have outlined, and others that I do not have time to discuss, we are promoting enterprise and creating an environment where small businesses, including the local traders whom he emphasised, can flourish. A thriving small business community, be it in retail or other sectors, provides the means to shift people and activity quickly into our economy. It is also the way to promote the smaller-scale sustainable communities in our town centres and village centres that the hon. Gentleman and all of us in the House wish to promote.
	 Question put and agreed to.
	 Adjourned accordingly at two minutes to Three o'clock.